Mycobacterium species

Hongmanee P., Stender H., Rasmussen O.F. Evaluation of a fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for differentiation between tuberculous and nontuberculous Mycobacterium species in smears of Low-enstein-Jensen and mycobacteria growth indicator tube cultures using peptide nucleic acid probes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2001 39 1032-1035. 

D-Arabinose occurs in arabinogalactans and arabinomannans elaborated by Mycobacterium species. When this had been determined, for example, for some arabinomannans, it was found to be furanosidic and a-linked. The arabinogalactan from Mycobacterium tuberculosis,however, contains both a- and y -linked D-arabinofuranosyl residues. It also occurs in the a-form in the LPS from Pseudomonas maltophila strain NCIB 9204. l-Arabinose is a component of the LPS from the purple, sulfur bacterium Chromatium vinosum. °... 

Several methylated sugars have been identified in hydrolyzates of LPS, cell-wall polysaccharides, and extracellular polysaccharides. A considerable number of these have been found in the LPS from photosynthetic prokaryotes. Two polysaccharides from Mycobacterium species, a glucan" and a mannan" are remarkable in that they contain high percentages of methylated sugars. Glycolipids from Mycobacterium species are also rich in methylated sugars, some of which have not been found elsewhere, but this is beyond the scope of the present article. 

Troesch A et al. Mycobacterium species identification and rifampin resistance testing with high-density DNA probe arrays. J Clin Microbiol 1999 37 49-55. 

Amikacin and kanamycin (see Chapter 46) have been used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Amikacin is very active against several mycobacterium species however, it is expensive and has significant toxicity. It is considered in the treatment of MDR tuberculosis after streptomycin and capreomycin. An additional use of amikacin is in the treatment of disseminated MAC in AIDS patients. There is no cross-resistance between streptomycin and other aminoglycosides most M. tuberculosis strains that are resistant to streptomycin are... 

In a similar study, Grosser etal. (1991) were able to show that the reintroduction of pyrene-degrading bacterial cultures into soil contaminated with coal gasification processing wastes enhanced pyrene mineralization more than 50-fold. This enhancement also occurred in uncontaminated soils, but to a lesser extent. Interestingly, the inoculants used in this study appeared to also be a Mycobacterium species, but in contrast to the studies of Heitkamp Cerniglia (1989), it could grow on pyrene in the absence of supplemental carbon sources. 

In contrast, intracellular organisms (eg, mycobacterium species) elicit the production of THl cytokines, which lead to the activation of effector cells such as macrophages. A less well defined T cell subset (TH3) has been described that produces transforming growth factor-6 (TGF-B), whose numerous functions include down-regulation of proliferation and differentiation of T lymphocytes. 

Mycobactin M (194), isolated from certain Mycobacterium species, differs from nocobactin NA by one oxidation level in the five-membered heterocycle and the length of the side chain, possessing an oxazoline instead of an oxazole ring. These heterocycles are thought to originate from L-threonine (97). 

Willumsen, P., Karlson, U., Stackebrandt, E. Kroppenstedt, R. M. (2001). Mycobacterium frederiksbergense sp. nov., a novel polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading Mycobacterium species. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 51, 1715-22. 

These mutants are protected by several patent publications, e.g., Mycobacterium species CBS174 obtained from Mycobacterium species NRRL, Mycobacterium vaccae ZIMET 11052175 obtai ned from M. vaccae NRRL-B-3805, Mycobacterium roseum sp. nov. 1108/1 176, and Mycobacterium fortuitum NRRL-B-8119177 obtained from M.fortuitum ATCC 6842. Furthermore, Mycobacterium fortuitum NRRL-B-12433178, a double mutant obtained from M. fortuitum NRRL-B-8119, is able to partially degrade the side chain of sitosterol (7), with concomitant 9a-hydroxylation, to give the pregnadiene-20-carboxylic acid 8. 

Mannose-capped multibranched dodecafuranoarabinan of Mycobacterium species... 

Rowland, B., Purkayastha, A., Monserrat, C., Casart, Y., Takiff, H. and McDonough, K.A. (1999) Fluorescence-based detection of lacZ reporter gene expression in intact and viable bacteria including Mycobacterium species. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 179, 317-325. 

The discovery of mutant Mycobacterium species that convert P-sitosterol (or cholesterol and stigmasterol) to either androstenedione or androstadienedione in one step made these sterols ideal substrates for conversion to estrone and spironolactone (Fig. 14-4). 

Mutual solubilities of triglycerides, 373 Mycelium lipids, 151 Mycobacterial infections, 528 Mycobacterial lipids, 156-59 Mycobacterium species, 5, 38-40,486 Mycolic acids, 17,157,158 Mycoplasma, 35,157 Mycosides, 40,159 Myctophiformes, 147 Myristic add, 1, 51,174,179, 351 see also Tetradecanoic acid 2-Myristodilaurin, melting points, 372 Myrosinase, 83 see also Rapeseed oil Mysid shrimp, 148,149... 

Recently, a somewhat similar antibiotic, coumermycin (52), was isolated from Streptomyces hazelienses [381, 382] and fromS fr. rishiriensis [383,384] and found to be active against Gram-positive as well as some Gram-negative bacteria [383, 385]. Its action against some Mycobacterium species has also... 

Methanol is a good indicator for the amount of mycobacterium present (Figure 52.18). But, is it possible to distinguish between the different mycobacterium species by the VOCs released in their headspace Do the compounds that are produced depend also on the substrate on which the mycobacteria are grown If so, are there any common masses that can indicate the... 

Balazova T, Makovcova J, Sedo O, Slany M, Faldyna M, Zdrahal Z. The influence of culture conditions on the identification of Mycobacterium species by MALDl-TOF MS profiling. Ferns Microbiol Lett. 2014a 353(l) 77-84. 

Bacterial lipids may contain fatty acids with very long chain-lengths, and the methyl ester derivatives of mycolic acids, silylated to reduce the polarity of the free hydroxyl group, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae were found to consist of more than 20 components with up to 36 carbon atoms and 4 double bonds [272] these were resolved on a fused silica column coated with a non-polar phase (OV-1 ) and temperature-programmed to 330°C. The record must, however, go to methyl ester/silylether derivatives of Cgg to C34 mycolic acids from a Mycobacterium species, which were partially resolved on a short packed column (0.3 to 0.4 m x 3 mm) of 1% OV-101 , operated isothermally at temperatures of 320 to 340°C [457],... 

The volatile oil of H. italicum flowers has been reported to exhibit antimicrobial properties in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, a Mycobacterium species, and Candida albicans. High activities were observed in oil samples containing higher concentrations of nerol, geraniol, eugenol, P-pinene, and furfural. ... 

PUTITNAOWARAT s, THOMPSON K D and ADAMS A (2000), Mycobacterfosis detection and identification of aquatic Mycobacterium species. Fish Vet J, 5, 6-21. 

---