Gasification, coal processes

J. T. Stewart and T. D. Pay, "Coal Gasification Processes and Equipment Available for Small Industrial AppHcations," paper presented at the Fifth Annual International Conference on Coal Gasification Eiquefaction and Conversion to Electricity, University of Pittsburgh, Pa., Aug. 1—3,1978. 

Fig. 4. Coal gasification process. PSA = pressure-swing adsorption.

The high cost of coal handling and preparation and treatment of effluents, compounded by continuing low prices for cmde oil and natural gas, has precluded significant exploitation of coal as a feedstock for methanol. A small amount of methanol is made from coal in South Africa for local strategic reasons. Tennessee Eastman operates a 195,000-t/yr methanol plant in Tennessee based on the Texaco coal gasification process to make the methyl acetate intermediate for acetic anhydride production (15). 

T. Sueyama and T. Tsujino, "Ammonia Production by a Coal Gasification Process," British Sulphur Feriiliiyer Symposium, British Sulphur Ltd.,... 

Dow Goal Gasification Process. The Dow coal gasification process (Destec) is a two-stage, slurry feed, entrained-flow, slagging gasifier. 

D. Hebden and H. J. F. Stroud, "Coal Gasification Processes," iu M. A. Elliott, ed.. Chemistry of Coal Utilisyation, secoud supplemeutary volume,... 

W. V. Bush, K. R. Loos, and P. F. Russell, "Environmental Characteri2ation of the Shell Coal Gasification Process. I. Gaseous Effluent Streams," Fifteenth BiennialEow-Rank Fuels Symposium, St. Paul, Minn., May 22—25,1989. 

R. T. Perry and co-workers, "Environmental Characteri2ation of the Shell Coal Gasification Process. III. SoHd By-Products," Seventh Annual Jntemational Pittsburgh Coal Conference, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1990. 

J. A. Salter and co-workers, "Shell Coal Gasification Process By-Product Utili2ation," Ninth Jntemational Coal Ash Etilicyation Symposium, Orlando, Fla.,Jan. 1991. 

Natural gas requires no fuel treatment however, low-Btu gas, espeeially if derived from various coal gasification processes, requires various types of cleaners for use in a gas turbine. These cycles can get very complex as indicated by a typical system, which utilizes a steam bottoming cycle to achieve high efficiency. Vaporized fuel oil gas is already cleansed of its impurities in the vaporization process. 

Fault Tree Analysis Report for CoaF Coal Gasitication Failure rales (per year basts) for over 400 events Coal-gasification Process Development unit 50. 

Fault Tree Analysis Report for Coal-Gasification Process-Development... 

DATA BOUNDARY Coal-gasification Process Development unit systems and... 

In this study detailed fault trees with probability and failure rate calculations were generated for the events (1) Fatality due to Explosion, Fire, Toxic Release or Asphyxiation at the Process Development Unit (PDU) Coal Gasification Process and (2) Loss of Availability of the PDU. The fault trees for the PDU were synthesized by Design Sciences, Inc., and then subjected to multiple reviews by Combustion Engineering. The steps involved in hazard identification and evaluation, fault tree generation, probability assessment, and design alteration are presented in the main body of this report. The fault trees, cut sets, failure rate data and unavailability calculations are included as attachments to this report. Although both safety and reliability trees have been constructed for the PDU, the verification and analysis of these trees were not completed as a result of the curtailment of the demonstration plant project. Certain items not completed for the PDU risk and reliability assessment are listed. 

Newby, R. A., Bannister, R. L. (1994). Advanced Hoc Gas Cleaning System for Coal Gasification Processes. Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 116 338-344. 

In all coal gasification processes—yesterday s, today s or tomorrow s —an excessive quantity of carbon monoxide is produced. This must be reduced to near zero in order to meet market requirements—safety, interchangeability with natural gas, and lowest delivered cost to distant markets. 

Main features of the Shell coal gasification process. 

Source Adapted from Hailong, X., The Shell Coal Gasification Process (SCGP), International Hi-Tech Symposium on Coal Chemical Industry Coal Conversion, Oct. 30-31, Shanghai, China, 2004. 

Source Adapted from Bos, H. and Van Dongen, F. Shell Coal Gasification Process, The 23rd International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, Sep. 25-28,2006. 

Rapid thermal processing Special Report on Emission Scenarios Solid oxide fuel cell Shell coal gasification process Technical University... 

Hooper, M., Waste coal to ultra clean fuels applying the shell coal gasification process. In Gasification Technologies Conference, www.gasification.org/Presentations/2003.htm (accessed May 11, 2007), San Francisco, CA, 12-15 October, 2003. 

Bianchi An early entrained-flow coal gasification process. 

Bi-Gas [Bituminous Gas] A coal gasification process using a two-stage, entrained-flow slagging gasifier. Developed by Bituminous Coal Research. A 120-tons-per-day pilot plant was built in 1976 at Homer City, PA, under sponsorship from the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration and the American Gas Association. 

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