Lipids bacterial

The results for bacterial whole-cell analysis described here establish the utility of MALDI-FTMS for mass spectral analysis of whole-cell bacteria and (potentially) more complex single-celled organisms. The use of MALDI-measured accurate mass values combined with mass defect plots is rapid, accurate, and simpler in sample preparation then conventional liquid chromatographic methods for bacterial lipid analysis. Intact cell MALDI-FTMS bacterial lipid characterization complements the use of proteomics profiling by mass spectrometry because it relies on accurate mass measurements of chemical species that are not subject to posttranslational modification or proteolytic degradation. 

Bacterial lipid A structures typically act as TLR2 agonists however, there are some cases where such compounds act as antagonists (e.g., Bordetella pertussis lipid A, 9), which antagonize the TLR2-TLR6 heterodimer [37]. 

Blazyk J, Wiegand R, Klein J, Hammer J, Epand RM, Epand RF, Maloy WL, Kari UP (2001) A novel linear amphipathic beta-sheet cationic antimicrobial peptide with enhanced selectivity for bacterial lipids. J Biol Chem 276 27899-27906... 

Tran. -isomers are much rarer than cis-isomers. Many different positional isomers of monoenoic acids may be present in a single, natural lipid and this is not a comprehensive list. Palmitoleic and oleic acids are quantitatively the commonest unsaturated fatty acids in most organisms. Odd-chain monoenoic acids are minor components of animal lipids but are more significant in some fish and bacterial lipids. 

Such compounds as glucosylglycerol are important in another context, apart from Smith degradations, in that they have been isolated from bacterial lipids.647,648 The synthesis of certain of these glycosylalditols has been described,649,650 and retention-times have been given. 

El Hamidi, A., Tirsoaga, A., Novikov, A., Hussein, A., Caroff, M. Microextraction of bacterial lipid A easy and rapid method for mass spectrometric characterization. J Lipid Res 46 (2005) 1773-1778. 

The most representative saturated fatty acids found in animal, plant, and, to a lesser extent, bacterial lipids are palmitic acid and stearic acid (Figure 1-2). 

C. It disrupts bacterial lipid metabolism as its major mechanism of action. 

Hydroxy or a-hydroxy acids have been shown to occur in sphingolipids, skin lipids, wool wax, bacterial cell wall lipids and in some seed oils. 3-Hydroxy or 3-hydroxy acids are present in bacterial lipids. 

It is clear that detailed studies with whole-cell and cell-free systems are now required to elucidate the novel mechanisms underlying the complex biosynthetic pathways of archae-bacterial lipids, which have been outlined in the foregoing sections. Perhaps the time is now ripe for a concerted effort to be made to clone the genes involved in archaebacterial lipid biosynthesis, thereby aiding greatly in identifying the enzymes involved. 

Fig. 3 Digital Gram Stain Functionalization of a porous silicon microcavity with a synthetic receptor (a) for bacterial lipid A yields a device that responds in the presence of Gram-(—) bacteria (b), but gives no response to Gram-(+) bacteria (c). Upper traces represent photoluminescence spectra pre (gray) and post (black) exposure to the respective bacteria, while lower traces are difference spectra...

Abbreviated list of genes in bacterial lipid metabolism Protein... 

Comparison of plant, mammalian, and bacterial lipid metabolism... 

Ans. All are monocarboxylic acids, R—COOH, where the R group is unbranched and the total number of carbons is an even number. (Exceptions are found in bacterial lipids.)... 

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