Mycobacterium growth

Tuberculocidal Test. The tubercle bacillus is resistant to disinfectants because the cells are protected with a waxy coating that is not readily penetrated. The tuberculocidal test is a use dilution practical type test that employs porcelain cylinders. The bacteria are different from those in the use dilution method (Table 10), the incubation time is longer, and the details of the procedure are different. For example, in the tuberculocidal test the test is divided into two parts, a presumptive test and a confirmatory test. The former employs Mycobacterium smegmatis and the latter employs Mycobacterium bovis (BCG). For the presumptive test the incubation time is 12 days, as against 48 hours for other bacteria used in the use-dilution method. For the confirmatory test the incubation time is 60 days, with an additional 30 days in case there is no growth. As shown in Table 10, the concentrations of the phenol standard are higher than used with other bacteria. 

The thiophene analog of chloramphenicol (255) has been synthesized,as also have been similar structures. The antibacterial activity of all was much lower than that of the natural antibiotic. The thioamide of 2-thenoic acid has been prepared in a study of potential antitubercular compounds. It did not surpass thioisonico-tinamide in antitubercular activity. The thiosemicarbazones of thio-phenealdehydes and ketones (cf. Section VII,D) show high activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but are very toxic. The thiosemi-carbazone of 4-(2-thienyl)-3-buten-2-one has been reported to be capable of completely inhibiting the in vitro growth of M. tuberculosis even in relatively low concentrations. ... 

Francis et and Snow have isolated from Mycobacterium phlei and M. tuberculosis two series of growth factors for M. johnei, containing the mycobactins P (12) and T (13), respectively. 

Hongmanee P., Stender H., Rasmussen O.F. Evaluation of a fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for differentiation between tuberculous and nontuberculous Mycobacterium species in smears of Low-enstein-Jensen and mycobacteria growth indicator tube cultures using peptide nucleic acid probes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2001 39 1032-1035. 

PTLC was also used for the separation of lipid components in pathogenic bacteria. Mycobacterium avium has a requirement for fatty acids, which can be fulfilled by palmitic or oleic acid, and these fatty acids are then incorporated into triagylglycerols [80]. PTLC was used for the separation of fatty acids and triacylglycerols in the extracts of these bacterial cells to study the lipid classes in the bacterial cells cultured under different growth conditions. 

Schrader T, Schuffenhauer G, Sielaff B, Andreesen JR (2000) High morpholine degradation rates and formation of cytochrome P450 during growth on different cyclic amines by newly isolated Mycobacterium sp. Strain HE5 Microbiol 146 1091-1098... 

The data reported identifies sulfur substrates tested for growth as sole sulfur source for the various strains. The strains may metabolize other sulfur compounds (not listed). A complete name of listed strains in Table 3 comprises Rhodococcus sp. SY1 Rhodococ-cus sp. H-2 Rhodococcus sp. D-l Rhodococcus ECRD-1 Gordona CYKS1 Nocar-dia sp. CYKS2 Paenibacillus All-2 Mycobacterium sp. WU-F1 Mycobacterium sp. WU-0103 Mycobacterium phlei sp. GTIS10 and Agrobacterium MC501. 

Fig. 9 Compounds displaying the highest growth inhibition rates against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (12.5 pg/ml)...

Flavonoid sulphates such as quercetin 3,7-di-O-methyl 3-sulphate and kaempferol 7-0-methyl 3-sulphate, which inhihited the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were isolated from the -hutanol fraction of 80% methanol extract of Argyreia speciosa (Burm. f) Boj. (Convolvulaceae), while flavonoids with mti-Helicobacter pylori activity, such as quercetin 3-methyl ether (isorhamnetin) (Fig. 3), were isolated from Cistus laurifolius L. (Cistaceae). ... 

Snow GA (1965) The Structure of Mycobactin P, a Growth Factor for Mycobacterium johnei, and the Significance of its Iron Complex. Biochem J 94 160... 

Snow GA (1965) Isolation and Structure of Mycobactin T, a Growth Factor from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biochem J 97 166... 

Tuberculosis can be an extremely difficult disease to manage. Most cases are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These organisms are different from other microorganisms in several aspects. They have another sensitivity spectrum and their growth rate is very slow. The mycobacterium can remain dormant for extended periods of time. Furthermore tuberculosis is an intracellular infection and the mycobacterium is therefore difficult to reach by antimy-cobacterials. All these factors contribute to the fact... 

The aminoglycoside (see Section II.c) streptomycin was the first antimycobacterial antibiotic. It has activity against extracellular mycobacteria with a high growth rate. The macrolide antibiotics azithromycin and clarithromycin (see Section Il.d.l) were approved for the treatment of disseminated mycobacterial infections due to Mycobacterium avium complex. 

Figure 5.17 Growth of a propene utilising Mycobacterium sp in batch culture exhibiting typical growth kinetics 1) lag phase 2) acceleration 3) exponential phase 4) deceleration 5) stationary phase 6) decline.

One patent describes the inhibition of growth of six strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by l,3-dicycIohexyl-l,3-diazetidine (78MIP51500) and the corresponding diphenyl derivative shows similar activity (80MIP51500). 

Mycobacterium leprae has never been grown in vitro, but animal models, such as growth in injected mouse footpads, have permitted laboratory evaluation of drugs. Only those drugs that have the widest clinical use are presented here. Because of increasing reports of dapsone resistance, treatment of leprosy with combinations of the drugs listed below is recommended. 

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