Sensitivity spectrum

Tuberculosis can be an extremely difficult disease to manage. Most cases are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These organisms are different from other microorganisms in several aspects. They have another sensitivity spectrum and their growth rate is very slow. The mycobacterium can remain dormant for extended periods of time. Furthermore tuberculosis is an intracellular infection and the mycobacterium is therefore difficult to reach by antimy-cobacterials. All these factors contribute to the fact... 

Production of strand breaks by very low energy electrons (5-25 eV) in thin solid DNA films using ultrahigh vacuum systems have been reported in a number of studies [107-109]. Such studies have demonstrated the efficiencies of low energy electrons and photons to induce DNA damage. In the vacuum ultraviolet (UV) region, examination of experimental data [86,110,111] shows that the induction of strand breaks depends on the absorption spectrum of the components in the medium and the sensitivity spectrum of DNA [112]. Introduction of a variable with the wavelength for the induction of SSB by OH radicals, in conjunction with a fixed value for the quantum efficiency for the production of OH radical ([Pg.504]

Figure 4. Sensitivity spectrum of the antennal olfactory receptor system in several phytophagous insect species to the green odor components. BAG amplitudes in response to the iruiividual components are visualized in the areas of circles. Data were derived from Refs. 18 (a), 19 (b), 17 (c), and 20 (d).

Fig. 8.16. Aromatic ring part of the COSY spectra of the complex shown in the inset. (A) Magnitude mode spectrum (B) phase-sensitive spectrum, absorption mode (C) phase-sensitive spectrum, dispersion mode (D) ISECR [20] spectrum (sequence in Fig. 8.2D). Sin2 weighting functions have been used for spectra (A)-(C) and a cos2 weighting function for spectrum (D). Peaks in (A) and (D) are in phase and positive. The positive components of the 6-5 peak in (B) and (C) are shown in the enlargements.

The high diagnostic accuracy of autoantibody tests for CD has questioned the need for intestinal biopsy [128], especially in pediatric populations [129]. Because histological and serological examination has limitations (and also HLA typing, an expensive procedure not suitable for routine diagnostic use), it is still advised to apply a combination to clarify the full breadth of the gluten-sensitive spectrum [130]. 

The conclusion of our study is that a most sensitive spectrum can be obtained, using NI electron capture or using OH (from an NjO/hydrocar-bon mixture) as reagent gas. The sensitivity achieved for the G ions is better by using this method. In the PI mode, isobutane or methane DCI spectra offer the best overall sensitivity (Figs. 22 and 23). 

In gradient selected 2D experiments the data is phase modulated and frequency discrimination in the fl dimension is inherent in the method. As shown in Check it 2.3.3.9 the combination of n- and p-type data leads to a phase sensitive spectrum. 

For a mixture of two fluotophores, one expects the phase-sensitive spectra to contain contributions from both fluoco-phores, with fractional contributions dependent on the rdative intensities [Fi(A)], the modulations (mi), and, most important, the values of 9o - 9i- The relative contribution of each fhiorophore to the phase-sensitive intensity depends on the value of cos(i)o - ). By selection of - <)f s 90°, die detector can be out-of-phase vritii one component in the sample. Then, the phase-sensitive spectrum represents the emission spectrum of the otiter component. 

In addition to the mechanoreceptor and the sugar-, water- and salt-sensitive cells, the chemoreceptive sensilla of the blowfly labellum contain a fifth or anion cell. The sensitivity spectrum of this cell is not well defined. Dethier and Hanson (1968) foimd that this cell responds to salts of fatty acids of Cj to chain length. Since natural foods like honey and apple also strongly stimulated this cell (Dethier, 1974a), it is evident that more investigation is required to characterize its sensitivity spectrum. 

The set of logarithmic response sensitivities for all rate constants is referred to as a sensitivity spectrum. The highest absolute values of the sensitivities in the spectrum pinpoint the most important reactions in the kinetic scheme for determining the chosen set of responses. The lowest absolute values of sensitivities, however, do not necessarily identify unimportant reactions. Let... 

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