Muscular pain

Lactic acidosis (buildup of lactic acid in the blood) may also occur with die administration of metformin. Although lactic acidosis is a rare adverse reaction, its occurrence is serious and can be fatal. Lactic acidosis occurs mainly in patients with kidney dysfunction. Symptoms of lactic acidosis include malaise (vague feeling of bodily discomfort), abdominal pain, rapid respirations, shortness of breath, and muscular pain. In some patients vitamin B12 levels are decreased. This can be reversed with vitamin B12 supplements or with discontinuation of the drug therapy. Because... 

Signs and Symptoms Initial symptoms are nonspecific and include fever, headache, chills, muscular pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and nausea followed by an abrupt onset of diffuse pulmonary edema, low oxygen levels in the blood (hypoxia), and low blood pressure. Most deaths occur within 24 h of hospital admission. 

Symptoms during the initial phase are characterized by nonspecific and relatively mild respiratory illness, muscular pain, malaise, fatigue, low-grade fever, and nonproductive cough. Patients sometimes complain of mild chest discomfort. 

Symptoms of exposure May cause dermatitis, cyanosis, gastritis, sneezing, sore throat, muscular pain, somnolence, tremor, convulsions, and asplastic anemia (Patnaik, 1992)... 

Vitamin C is essential for the formation of collagen, the principal structural protein in skin, bone, tendons, and ligaments, being a cofactor in the hydroxylation of the amino acids proline to 4-hydroxyproline, and of lysine to 5-hydroxylysine. These hydroxyamino acids account for up to 25% of the collagen structure. Vitamin C is also associated with some other hydroxylation reactions, e.g. the hydroxylation of tyrosine to dopa (dihydroxyphenylalanine) in the pathway to catecholamines (see Box 15.3). Deficiency leads to scurvy, a condition characterized by muscular pain, skin lesions, fragile blood vessels, bleeding gums, and tooth loss. Vitamin C also has valuable antioxidant properties (see Box 9.2), and these are exploited commercially in the food industries. 

Workers exposed to average levels of TCE estimated to be 100-2 00 ppm have reported increased incidence of fatigue, vertigo, dizziness, headaches, memory loss, and impaired ability to concentrate. Other effects noted at about 100 ppm and above include paresthesia, muscular pains, and gastrointestinal disturbances. 

During withdrawal, some patients may experience symptoms of steroid withdrawal (eg, joint or muscular pain, lassitude, depression) despite maintenance or even improvement of respiratory function. Encourage continuance with the inhaler, but observe for objective signs of adrenal insufficiency (eg, fatigue, lassitude, weakness, nausea and vomiting, hypotension). If adrenal insufficiency occurs, increase the systemic steroid dose temporarily and continue further withdrawal more slowly. During periods of stress or severe asthma attack, transfer patients will require supplementary systemic steroids. 

Muscular pain, musculoskeletal disturbances - 50 to 100 mg/day or on alternate days. 

Adverse events occurring in 3% to 9% in descending order include corneal staining/erosion, photophobia, eyelid erythema, ocular ache/pain, ocular dryness, tearing, upper respiratory symptoms, eyelid edema, conjunctival edema, dizziness, blepharitis, ocular irritation, Gl symptoms, asthenia, conjunctival blanching, abnormal vision, and muscular pain. 

Pravachol appeared to increase adherence, Lipitor s DTCA efforts appear to have had a negative impact. Further analysis suggested that the unexpected finding for Lipitor stemmed from the FDA s requirement that DTCA television advertisements must mention the most common side effects. She reasoned that television advertisements make side effects more salient than does print advertising. Professional actors in the first television ads for Lipitor prominently mentioned side effects of possible liver problems and muscular pain, a task that is usually carried out less prominently and is reserved for unobserved narrators. Discussions Wosinska had with industry analysts suggested that the prominent side effects mentioned in the Lipitor ads may have made patients more anxious, and that it may have affected their adherence. 

Musculoskeletal Effects. Muscular pain was reported by one worker who drank water contaminated with nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, and boric acid during one work shift (Sunderman et al. 1988). Thirty-live workers were exposed, 20 reported symptoms, and 10 were hospitalized. The workers who reported symptoms were exposed to an estimated dose of 7.1-35.7 mg nickel/kg. The contribution of boric acid to these effects is not known. 

Muscular pain and discomfort in wrist resulting from repetitive strain injury are referred to as work-related myalgia (WRM). A P MRS study in a group of 18 women with WRM showed earlier onset of the rapid phase of pHi decline and log([Pi]/[PCr]) in the WRM group. The data... 

It is a pure antagonist and chemically related to naloxone. It is more potent than naloxone and because of its longer duration of action, it can be used as maintenance drug for morphine addicts. It has no euphoric effect and no physical dependence liability. It is effective orally. It is also claimed to be beneficial in decreasing craving for alcohol in alcoholics. Side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances and muscular pain. 

At its onset, Legionnaires disease is characterized by a high fever, chills, headaches, and muscular pain. A dry, nonproductive cough develops and... 

The clinical features included weakness, hyperthermia, and slight muscular pain. Biological abnormalities were mildly raised muscle enzymes and pancytopenia, which developed rapidly. 

Unusual muscular pains. Unusual stomach discomfort... 

Skeletal muscle spasms are used to describe the increased tension often seen in skeletal muscle after certain musculoskeletal injuries and inflammation (muscle strains, nerve root impingements, etc.) occur.20,96 This tension is involuntary, so the patient is unable to relax the muscle. Spasms differ from spasticity because spasms typically arise from an orthopedic injury to a musculoskeletal structure or peripheral nerve root rather than an injury to the CNS. Likewise, muscle spasms are often a continuous, tonic contraction of specific muscles rather than the velocity-dependent increase in stretch reflex activity commonly associated with spasticity. The exact reasons for muscle spasms are poorly understood. According to some authorities, muscle spasms occur because a vicious cycle is created when the initial injury causes muscular pain and spasm, which increases afferent nociceptive input to the spinal cord, further exciting the alpha motor neuron to cause more spasms, and so on.61,96 Other experts believe that muscle spasms occur because of a complex protective mechanism, whereby muscular contractions are intended to support an injured vertebral structure or peripheral joint.96 Regardless of the exact reason, tonic contraction of the affected muscle is often quite painful because of the buildup of pain-mediating metabolites (e.g., lactate). 

Constipation, water retention, bleeding, eczema, allergies The common cold, coughs, sore throat, headache, muscular pain, bites and stings, healing wounds... 

Headache, muscular pain, neuralgia, general debility, digestive problems, baldness... 

In 1992, BASF opened a 35 000 tons per year ibuprofen production plant in Bishop, Texas. This plant was the result of the elegant green chemistry route developed by the BHC consortium. The clean synthesis of ibuprofen is an excellent example of how combining catalysis and green chemistry can yield both commercial success and environmental benefits. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory painkiller. It is a popular over-the-counter drug against headache, toothache, and muscular pains. You may know it better as Advil , Motrin , or Nurofen. 

Dieldrin Violent headache, muscular pain, reproductive toxicity, birth defects, cancer... 

NSAIDs are groups of unrelated organic acids such as mefenamic acid, which have analgesic, antiinflammatory, and antipyretic activities. NSAIDs are used to relieve mild to moderate pain, raised temperature, and acute and chronic inflammatory disorders such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. NSAIDs are applied locally for the relief of muscular pain and are useful in ophthalmic preparations for inflammatory eye disorders.1-4 NSAIDs have been used to relieve pain, particularly in cancer patients, forming a cornerstone in pain management. NSAIDs also are used... 

Used to relieve neuralgia and muscular pains, reduce fevers, and in the manufacture of other medicines... 

In 1910, Meyer-Betz reported the first published case of acute renal failure with muscular pain, weakness, and dark urine after intense exercise [5]. In 1960, Howenstine reported that this type of acute renal failure was exercise-related myoglobinuria [6], However, at this time, it was impossible to distinguish hemoglobin from myoglobin, and this type of acute renal failure was considered to be a type of heat stroke. However, in 1970, Jackson [7] reported that this disorder was exercise-related renal failure and muscle damage, and this publication led to a gradual increase in research interest in myoglobinuric acute renal failure. In 1972, Hamilton et al. [8] and Knochel [9], respectively, reported that similar cases were exertional rhabdomyolysis. Matsumoto et al.[10] first reported this disorder in Japan in 1976. 

This patient and his father (Patient 18) developed ALPE in the presence of renal hypouricemia [36] (Case 2 in Fig. 57). The son developed ALPE after participating in two 400-m races, a mock cavalry battle, and a tug of war in an athletics meeting. At a local clinic, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) was administered orally under a diagnosis of muscular pain, and the condition was exacerbated. Gene... 

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