Murine cytomegalovirus

Dalod M, Hamilton T, Salomon R, et al. Dendritic cell responses to early murine cytomegalovirus infection subset functional specialization and differential regulation by interferon alpha/beta. J Exp Med 2003 197(7) 885-898. 

Selgrade, M.K., Daniels, M.J. and Dean, J.H., Correlation between chemical suppression of natural killer cell activity in mice and susceptibility to cytomegalovirus rationale for applying murine cytomegalovirus as a host resistance model and for interpreting immunotoxicity testing in terms of risk of disease, J. Toxicol. Environ. Flealth, 37, 123, 1992. 

Andrews, D.M. et al., Infection of dendritic cells by murine cytomegalovirus induces functional paralysis, Nat. Immunol, 2, 1077, 2001. 

Fairweather, D. et al., Wild isolates of murine cytomegalovirus induce myocarditis and antibodies that cross-react with virus and cardiac myosin, Immunology, 94, 263, 1998. 

When jurzra-xylene-exposcd (1200 ppm [5200 mg/m ], 6 h per day for four days) C3H/HeJ mice were infected intraperitoneally with murine cytomegalovirus (10 plaqueforming units after the first xylene exposure), 34% of the mice died, while none died after either exposure alone or after a similar exposure to xylene at 600 ppm [2600 mg/m ], combined with exposure to the virus (Selgrade et al., 1993). Elevated mortality was not related to immune function or hepatic damage. 

Hill, A., Kleijnen, M., Schust, D., Kosinowski, U., and Ploegh, H. (1996). Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) encodes a 34 kDa glycoprotein, which binds to class IMHC molecules at the surface of infected cells. Abstract 410, Keystone Symposium on Cell Biology of Virus Entry, Replication and Pathogenesis. Santa Fe, NM. 

Shimizu, K., Matsuzawa, H., Okada, K., Tazume, S., Dosako, S., Kawasky, Y., Hashimoto, K., and Koga, Y. 1996. Lactoferrin-mediated protection of the host from murine cytomegalovirus infection by a T-cell-dependent augmentation of natural killer cell activity. Arch. Virol. 141, 1875-1889. 

Mouse Inhalation 5 ppm 6 h/d, 4 d Enhanced susceptibility to infection by murine cytomegalovirus followed by exposure to 5 ppm for 6 h/d for4 d. No evidence of lung injury. Rose et al. 1989... 

Harmine Inhibition of murine cytomegalovirus, Sindbis virus — 139... 

W.D., Barrel , B.G., Farrell, H.E., 1997. Identification and characterization of a G protein-coupled receptor homolog encoded by murine cytomegalovirus. J. Virol. 71, 1521-1529. 

Kim, S.Y., Lee, J.H., Shin, H.S., Kang, H.J., and Kim, Y. S. (2002) The human elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) first intron highly enhances expression of foreign genes from the murine cytomegalovirus promoter. J. Bio-technol. 93 183-187. 

NK natural killer CTL cytotoxicT lymphocyte TDAR T-dependent antibody response MCMV murine cytomegalovirus MZB cells marginal zone B cells TIAR T-independent antibody response. 

Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) latent viral reactivation assay ... 

The therapeutic agent should be further tested in the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) latent virus reactivation model if results from the influenza host resistance assay indicate a decreased functional activity for either NK, CTL, or TDAR, or a decrease in CD4+ cells as observed by immunopheno-typing. The MCMV latent virus reactivation model is discussed in detail below. The test article should be tested in the Streptococcus pneumoniae systemic model for encapsulated bacteria if immunophenotyping or histopathology, done in conjunction with the influenza host resistance model, reveals a decrease in the number of marginal zone B (MZB) cells. MZB cells are critical in host defense against bloodborne encapsulated bacteria and this host resistance assay is discussed in detail below. 

Murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) Latent Virus Reactivation Model... 

Jordan MC, Shanley JD, Stevens JG. Immunosuppression reactivates and disseminates latent murine cytomegalovirus. J Gen Virol 1977 37(2) 419 23. 

Selgrade MJ, Daniels MJ. Host resistance models murine cytomegalovirus. In Methods in Immunotoxicology, Vol 2, edited by GR Burleson, JH Dean, AE Munson, pp. 203-219. New York, NY Wiley-Liss, 1995. 

Shanley JD, Jorday MC, Cook ML, Stevens JG. Pathogenesis of reactivated latent murine cytomegalovirus infection. Am J Pathol 1979 95(l) 67-80. 

The critical role NK cells play in the control of infection with viruses is well-recogni2ed (French Yokoyama 2003). In the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) model, susceptibility to lethal infection can be overcome by a dominant allele at... 

Rawlinson WD, Farrell HE, Barrell BG. Analysis of the complete DNA sequence of murine cytomegalovirus. J Virol 1996 70(12) 8833-49. 

MacDonald MR, XY Li, Virgin HWt. Late expression of a beta chemokine homolog by murine cytomegalovirus. J Virol 1997 71(2) l671-8. 

Fleming P. The murine cytomegalovirus chemokine homolog, ml31/129, is a determinant of viral pathogenicity. J Virol 1999 73(8) 6800-9. 

MacDonald MR. Spliced mRNA encoding the murine cytomegalovirus chemokine homolog predicts a beta chemokine of novel structure. J Virol 1999 73(5) 3682-91. 

Vieira J. Genes in the Hindlll J fragment of the murine cytomegalovirus genome are dispensable for growth in cultured cells insertion mutagenesis with a lacZ/gpt cassette. J Virol 1994 68(8) 4837-46. 

Waldhoer M. Murine cytomegalovirus (CMV) M33 and human CMV US28 receptors exhibit similar constitutive signaling activities. J Virol 2002 76(l6) 8l6l-8. 

Oliveira SA, Shenk TE. Murine cytomegalovirus M78 protein, a G protein-coupled receptor ho-mologue, is a constituent of the virion and facilitates accumulation of immediate-early viral mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001 98(6) 3237-42. 

Saederup N. Murine cytomegalovirus CC chemokine homolog MCK-2 (m 131-129) is a determinant of dissemination that increases inflammation at initial sites of infection. J Virol 2001 ... 

Cardin RD. Murine cytomegalovirus IE2, an activator of gene expression, is dispensable for growth and latency in mice. Virology 1995 209(l) 236-4l. 

Salazar-Mather TP, Orange JS, Biron CA. Early murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection induces liver natural killer (NK) cell inflammation and protection through macrophage inflammatory protein la (MlP-la)-dependent pathways. J Exp Med 1998 187 1-14. 

ORF, open-reading frame NA, not available KS, Kaposi s sarcoma KSHV, Kaposi s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor CMV, cytomegalovirus MCMV, mouse cytomegalovirus MCK, murine cytomegalovirus chemokine CCL5, CC chemokine ligand 5 IFN, interferon IL, interleukin NF-kB, nuclear factor kB Tp, T helper NK, natural killer. 

Z- and ii-Phosphonates (561) and (562) derived from cyclopropavir and the corresponding cyclic phosphonates (563) and (564), have been synthesized and their antiviral activity was investigated. The Z-phosphonates (561) and (563) were effective inhibitors of replication of human and murine cytomegalovirus (HCMV and MCMV) in HFF (cell culture with two... 

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