Mountain pine beetle ponderosae

FIGURE 12 18 Relationship between degree of oxidant injury to ponderosa pines and bark-beetle attack (left) and numbers of trees killed by western pine beetle, mountain pine beetle, and the two species together (right). Reprinted with permission from Stark and Cobb. ... 

Figure 6.12 Cyclization reactions of acyclic, unbranched and methyl-branched ketones to bicyclic acetals and cyclic alcohols in bark beetles. (A) Mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae formation of exo-brevicomin [(1 F ,5S,7fl)-(+)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane] from (Z)-6-nonen-2-one (Vanderwel and Oehlschlager, 1992 Vanderwel ef a/., 1992a) ...

Francke W., Schroder F., Phillipp P., Meyer H., Sinnwell V. and Gries G. (1996b) Identification and synthesis of new bicyclic acetals from the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Bioorg. Med. Chem. 4, 363-374. 

Gries G., Leufven A., LaFontaine J. P., Pierce H. D. Jr, Borden J. H., Vanderwel D. and Oehlschlager A. C. (1990a) New metabolites of a-pinene produced by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Insect Biochem. 20, 365-371. 

Miller D. R. and Lafontaine J. R (1991) cis-Verbenol An aggregation pheromone for the mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera Scolytidae), J. Entomol. Soc. Brit. Columbia 88, 34—38. 

Pierce H. D., Jr, Conn J. E., Oehlschlager A. C. and Borden J. H. (1987). Monoterpene metabolism in female mountain pine beetles, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, attacking ponderosa pine. J. Chem. Ecol. 13, 1455-1480. 

Pureswaran D. S., Gries R., Borden J. H. and Pierce Jr, H. D. (2000) Dynamics of pheromone production and communication in the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, and the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Chemoecology 10, 153-168. 

A similar test with the mountain pine beetle [Dendroctonus pon-derosae (Hopkins)] showed tissue deposits to be about twice as toxic (Table VI). A possible explanation is that D. ponderosae emerged over a 54-day period, allowing the surface lindane to volatilize I. confusus emerged over a period of 15 days. 

This hypothesis is unvalidated at present, because these case studies employed different methods, are not replicated across genera, variability in natural enemies numbers is complex, and we caimot adequately separate cause and effect. Also, ratios of predators to prey are highly plastic within systems,and predation and competition are not independent owing to dilution effects. We also lack information on its applicability to other systems. Predaceous checkered beetles cause greater proportionate mortality to mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins during endemic than eruptive conditions, which is consistent with our model, but not validating without information on the pre-attack chemistry of killed trees. Likewise, predation of southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis... 

BORDEN, J.H., RYKER, L.C., CHONG, L.J., PIERCE, H.D., JOHNSTON, B.D., OEHLSCHLAGER, A.C., Response of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera Scolytidae), to five semiochemicals in British Columbia lodgepole pine forests. Can. J. For. Res. 1986,17, 118-128. 

WILSON, J.S., ISAAC, E.S., GARA, R.I., Impacts of mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae) (Col., Scolytidae) infestation on future landscape susceptibility to the western spruce budworm Choristoneura occidentalis) (Lep., Tortricidae) in north central Washington, J. Appl. Entomol, 1998, 122, 239-245. 

Keeling Cl, Henderson H, Li M, Dullat HK, Ohni-shi T, Bohlmann J (2013) CYP345E2, an antenna-specific cytochrome P450 from the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, catalyses the oxidation of pine host monoterpene volatiles. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 43 1142-1151... 

In none of his experiments could Moeck demonstrate that primary attraction is used in host selection by the three principal species in the area Dendroctonus brevicomis (the western pine beetle), D. ponderosae (the mountain pine beetle) and Ips paraconfusus (the California five-spined engraver beetle). What Moeck s results did show, however, was that beetles landed indiscriminantly on healthy and stressed trees at about one beetle a day on each tree. Theoretically only one beetle is needed to initiate mass attack, since as soon as it releases pheromone, landing rates would increase markedly on that tree. In Moeck s study, landing rates on trees that became attacked by D. brevicomis increased to up to 800 beetles a day. 

The bark beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae (mountain pine beetle) is the most significant insect pest of western white pine. Bark beetles kill groups of mostly mature trees weakened by blister mst (Fumiss and Carolin, 1977). 

Huber, D. P. W. and J. H. Borden, Protection of lodgepole pines from mass attack by mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, with nonhost angiosperm volatiles and verbenone. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 99 131-141, 2001. 

Hicke, J. A. et al. Changing temperatures influence suitability for modeled mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks in the western United States. J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci. Ill G02019, 2006, doi 1029/02005JGOOOIOI. 

Negrdn, J. F. and J. B. Popp, Probability of ponderosa pine infestation by mountain pine beetle in the Colorado Front Range. For. Ecol. Manage. 191 17-27, 2004. 

Seybold, S. J., Development of a monitoring and management tool for the central Rocky Mountain populations of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae. Prog. Rep., Proj. No. R4-2001-01. USDA For. Serv., Pac. SW Res. Stn., Davis, CA, 2002. 

Borden, J. H., L. Chong, and B. S. Lindgren, Redundancy in the semiochemical message required to induce attack on lodgepole pines by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae. Can. Ent. 122 769-777, 1990. 

Gibson, K. and S. Kegley, Testing the efficacy of verbenone in reducing mountain pine beetle attacks in second-growth ponderosa pine. USDA Eor. Serv. EHP Rep. 04-7, 2(X)4. 

Progar, R. A., Eive-year operational trial of verbenone to deter mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae, Coleoptera Scolytidae) attack of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). Environ. Entomol. 34 1402-1407, 2005. 

Gillette, N. E. et al., Area-wide appheation of verbenone-releasing flakes reduces mortality of white-bark pine Pinus albicaulis caused by the mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae. Agric. For. Entomol. 14 367-375, 2012. 

Lister, C. K. et al., Verbenone bubble caps ineffective as a preventive strategy against mountain pine beetle attacks in ponderosa pine. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note RM-501, 1990. 

Kostyk, B. C., J. H. Borden, and G. Gries, Photoisomerization of antiaggregation pheromone verbenone Biological and practical implications with respect to the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera Scolytidae)./. Chem. Ecol. 19 1749-1759, 1993. 

Amman, G. D., Potential of verbenone for reducing lodgepole and ponderosa pine mortality caused by mountain pine beetle in high-value simations. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-150, 1994. 

Influence on Host—Parasite Relationships. Cobb and Stark (11) have directed considerable attention to the increased incidence of attack of oxidant-injured ponderosa pines by bark beetles in the San Bernardino mountains. They suggest that ponderosa pine will nearly be eliminated from the mixed conifer forest if such attacks continue. Increased activity of other insect pests of ponderosa pine or associated conifers has not been observed. 

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