Dendroctonus ponderosae

Evidence for de novo synthesis of pheromone components was obtained by showing that labeled acetate and mevalonate were incorporated into ipsdienol by male Ips pini [103,104]. Similarly, labeled acetate and other labeled intermediates were shown to be incorporated into frontalin in a number of Dendroctonus species [105]. Possible precursors to frontalin include 6-methyl-6-hep-ten-2-one, which was incorporated into frontalin by D. ruffipennis [106]. The precursor 6-methyl-6-hepten-2-one also was shown to be converted to bre-vicomin in the bark beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae [107]. In addition, the expression patterns of HMG-CoA reductase and HMG-CoA synthase are tightly correlated with frontalin production in Dendroctonus jeffreyi [108, 109]. A geranyl diphosphate synthase cDNA from I. pini was also isolated, functionally expressed, and modeled [110]. These data indicate that the de novo isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway is present in bark beetles. A variety of other monoterpene alcohols such as myrcenol, pityol, and sulcitol are probably synthesized through similar pathways [111]... 

Figure 6.12 Cyclization reactions of acyclic, unbranched and methyl-branched ketones to bicyclic acetals and cyclic alcohols in bark beetles. (A) Mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae formation of exo-brevicomin [(1 F ,5S,7fl)-(+)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane] from (Z)-6-nonen-2-one (Vanderwel and Oehlschlager, 1992 Vanderwel ef a/., 1992a) ...

Dendroctonus ponderosae and Ips parconfusus (Coleoptera Scolytidae). J. Chem. Ecol. 10, 281-290. 

Francke W., Schroder F., Phillipp P., Meyer H., Sinnwell V. and Gries G. (1996b) Identification and synthesis of new bicyclic acetals from the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Bioorg. Med. Chem. 4, 363-374. 

Gries G., Leufven A., LaFontaine J. P., Pierce H. D. Jr, Borden J. H., Vanderwel D. and Oehlschlager A. C. (1990a) New metabolites of a-pinene produced by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Insect Biochem. 20, 365-371. 

Hughes P. R. (1973b) Effect of a-pinene exposure on fraras-verbenol synthesis in Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk. Naturwissenschaften 60, 261-262. 

Hunt D. W. A. and Borden J. H. (1989a) Conversion of verbenols to verbenone by yeasts isolated from Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera Scolytidae). J. Chem. Ecol. 16, 1385-1397. 

Miller D. R. and Lafontaine J. R (1991) cis-Verbenol An aggregation pheromone for the mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera Scolytidae), J. Entomol. Soc. Brit. Columbia 88, 34—38. 

Pureswaran D. S., Gries R., Borden J. H. and Pierce Jr, H. D. (2000) Dynamics of pheromone production and communication in the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, and the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Chemoecology 10, 153-168. 

Ryker L. C. and Rudinsky J. A. (1982) Field bioassay of exo- and endo-brevicomin with Dendroctonus ponderosae in lodgepole pine. J. Chem. Ecol. 8, 701-707. 

Page, M., Nelson, L. J., Haverty, M.I. and Blomquist, G. J. (1990b). Cuticular hydrocarbons as chemotaxonomic characters for bark beetles Dendroctonus ponderosae, D.jeffreyi, D. brevicomis, and D. frontalis (Coleoptera Scolytidae). 

Table VI. Mortality of Dendroctonus ponderosae Emerging from Bolts Treated with 0.2% Lindane Surface and Tissue Deposits...

This hypothesis is unvalidated at present, because these case studies employed different methods, are not replicated across genera, variability in natural enemies numbers is complex, and we caimot adequately separate cause and effect. Also, ratios of predators to prey are highly plastic within systems,and predation and competition are not independent owing to dilution effects. We also lack information on its applicability to other systems. Predaceous checkered beetles cause greater proportionate mortality to mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins during endemic than eruptive conditions, which is consistent with our model, but not validating without information on the pre-attack chemistry of killed trees. Likewise, predation of southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis... 

SIX, D.L., PAINE, T.D., Effects of mycangial fungi and host tree species on progeny survival and emergence of Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera Scolytidae), Environ. Entomol, 1998, 27, 1393-1401. 

BORDEN, J.H., RYKER, L.C., CHONG, L.J., PIERCE, H.D., JOHNSTON, B.D., OEHLSCHLAGER, A.C., Response of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera Scolytidae), to five semiochemicals in British Columbia lodgepole pine forests. Can. J. For. Res. 1986,17, 118-128. 

WILSON, J.S., ISAAC, E.S., GARA, R.I., Impacts of mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae) (Col., Scolytidae) infestation on future landscape susceptibility to the western spruce budworm Choristoneura occidentalis) (Lep., Tortricidae) in north central Washington, J. Appl. Entomol, 1998, 122, 239-245. 

STURGEON, K.B., MITTON, J.B., Allozyme and morphological differentiation of mountian pine beetles Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins associated with host tree. Evolution, 1986,40,290-302. 

Keeling Cl, Henderson H, Li M, Dullat HK, Ohni-shi T, Bohlmann J (2013) CYP345E2, an antenna-specific cytochrome P450 from the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, catalyses the oxidation of pine host monoterpene volatiles. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 43 1142-1151... 

The bark beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae (mountain pine beetle) is the most significant insect pest of western white pine. Bark beetles kill groups of mostly mature trees weakened by blister mst (Fumiss and Carolin, 1977). 

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