Pine engraver

Seybold, S. J. (1993). Role of chirality in olfactory-directed behavior aggregation of pine engraver beetles in the genus Ips (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 19 1809-1831. 

Hall G. M., Tittiger C., Andrews G., Mastick G., Kuenzli M., Luo X., Seybold S. J. and Blomquist G. J. (2002a) Male pine engraver Beetles, Ips pini, synthesize the Naturwissenschaften 89, 79-83. 

Gries G., Smirle M. J., Leufven A., Miller D. R., Borden J. H. and Whitney H. S. (1990b) Conversion of phenylalanine to toluene and 2-phenylethanol by the pine engraver Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Experientia 46, 329-331. 

Martin D., Bohlmann J., Gershenzon J., Francke W. and Seybold S. J. (2003) A novel sex-specific and inducible monoterpene synthase activity associated with a pine bark beetle, the pine engraver, Ips pini. Naturwissenschaften 90, 173-179. 

Miller D. R., Gibson K. E., Raffa K. F., Seybold S. J., Teale S. A. and Wood D. L. (1997) Geographic variation in response of pine engraver, Ips pini, and associated species to pheromone, lanierone. J. Chem. Ecol. 23, 2013-2031. 

Tillman J. A., Holbrook G. L., Dallara P. L., Schal C., Wood D. L., Blomquist G. J. and Seybold S. J. (1998) Endocrine regulation of de novo aggregation pheromone biosynthesis in the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Insect Biochem. Molec. Biol. 28, 705-715. 

Page, M., Nelson, L. J. Blomquist, G. J., and Seybold, S. J. (1997). Cuticular hydrocarbons as chemotaxonomic characters of pine engraver beetles (Ips spp.) in the grandicollis subgeneric group. J. Chem. Ecol., 23, 1053-1099. 

One of the best understood pheromone systems in bark beetles is from the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera Scolytidae). This species is broadly distributed across North America, and populations can be divided into three distinct groups based on the enantiomeric composition of ipsdienol. Ipsdienol is the major pheromone component produced by pioneer males. Eastern populations synthesize and respond to mostly (+) ipsdienol, while western populations rely on the (-)... 

HALL, G.M., TITTIGER, C., ANDREWS, G.L., MASTICK, G.S., KUENZLl, M., LUO, X., SEYBOLD, S.J., BLOMQUIST, G.J., Midgut tissue of male pine engraver, Ips pini, synthesizes monoterpenoid pheromone component ipsdienol de novo, Naturwissenschaften, 2002, 89, 79-83. 

High concentrations of monoterpenes are toxic to bark beetle adults, eggs, and presumably larvae, although the latter have not been tested. The dynamics of this interaction are shown in Fig. 4.1. Based on known rates of localized induction in healthy red pine, and toxicides of corresponding compounds to the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say), we can estimate the percentage of adults that would die within two days at the monoterpene concentration present at each time following... 

Fig. 4.1 Effect of monoterpene induction in red pine on survival of pine engravers, Ips pini. The squares indicate monoterpene concentration of phloem tissue vs. days after challenge inoculation. The circles indicate the mortality that occurs to adult I. pini following exposure to synthetic monoterpenes (in a 2-day assay) at the monoterpene concentration present at a given time after inoculation. For example, at one day post-inoculation the monoterpene concentration is approximately 25 mg/gm, which kills approximately 80% of the adults in a controlled assay. The data indicate that I. pini would not be able to survive and reproduce in red pines unless this induced response is prevented. (with permission from Springer-Verlag).

Fig. 4.2 Variable effect of host monoterpene concentration on 1. pini attraction to its pheromones. Lower concentrations, equivalent to those in constitutive host tissue, synergize the attractiveness of pine engraver pheromones. High concentrations, equivalent to those occurring during the first few days of induction, inhibit attraction to pine engraver pheromones. (with permission from Blackwell).

MILLER D.R., BORDEN J.Fl., beta-Phellandrene kairomone for pine engraver, Ips pint (Say) (Coleoptera Scolytidae)., J Chem. EcoL, 1990,16, 2519-2531. 

ERBILGIN, N., RAFFA, K.F., Effects of host tree species on attractiveness of tunneling pine engravers, Ips pini, to conspecifics and insect predators, J. Chem. Ecol., 2000, 26, 823-840. 

COGNATO, A.I., SEYBOLD, S.J., SPERLFNG, F.A.H., Incomplete barriers to mitochondrial gene flow between pheromone races of the North American pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera Scolytidae), Proc. Roy. Soc.f London - Ser. B Biol Sci., 1999, 266, 1843-1850. 

Mustaparta, H., Angst, M. E. and Lanier, G. N. (1977) Responses of single receptor cells in the pine engraver beetle Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera Scolytidae) to its aggregation pheromone ipsdienol and the aggregation inhibitor, ipsenol. J. comp. Physiol., 121, 343-7. 

Within a population, thresholds for response to chemical stimuli may vary. For example, three geographic strains of the pine engraver beetle, Ipspini, infesting similar host material, exhibited regional variation in production and reception of an attractant pheromone (Lanier et al., 1972,1980) (see also Birch, Chapter 12). 

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