Moth bean

Singh, A.V. Nath, L.K. Evaluation of acetylated moth bean starch as a carrier for controlled drug delivery. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2012, 50 (2), 362-368. 

Vigna aconitifolia (family Leguminosae Papilionoideae) Moth bean is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and is now widely distributed through the semi-arid areas of South and South-East Asia. It is also grown in the USA and Australia. The seed is nutritious and used in foods, mainly as dhal in rural areas of arid regions of Asia. 

Green beans are subject to attack by a number of pests especially caterpillars of Silver Y moth, bean seed files, aphids, slugs and cutworms. Halo blight, botiytis, rust and sclerotinia can be a problem in some seasons. 

In the laboratory, we succeeded in raising Utetheisa on two alternative artificial diets, one made up with Crotalaria seeds and containing the PA monocrotaline (CS diet), the other based on pinto beans and devoid of PA (PB diet). On the assumption that the PB diet-raised moths, which we proved to be PA-free, would be vulnerable to predation, we took moths... 

Affected individuals are also found to be susceptible to exposure to nitrates, anilines and naphthalenes (found in moth balls). Some individuals, particularly children, experience haemolysis after eating the broad bean, Vida faba, and hence the term favism. °... 

Methyl llnoleate derived by interesterification from trilinolein has been converted to a pheromone bouquet (ref.102), ZZZ-3,6,9-eicosane and ZZZ-3,6,9-heneicosane, (of value in combatting the soya bean moth)(ref.103) by the following reactions. 

Consequently, we collected several Insect species feeding on crownvetch in late summer to study the effects of NPA on these herbivores. A leaf tier, the Sparganothls fruitworm, Sparganothls sulfureana (Clemens), produced eggs from a field collected moth and could be reared on pinto bean diet. 

Many baculoviruses126 (i.e., insect viruses) are species-specific. They have been used for the successful control of the gypsy moth, velvet bean caterpillar (on 5.9 million ha of soybeans in Brazil), cotton bollworm, codling moth (on apples, pears, and walnuts), rhinoceros beetle, potato tuber moth, sawflies, and porina moth.127 The gypsy moth was introduced into the United States in Massachusetts from Europe in 1869. It defoliates many trees if there are no checks on its population. The war against it has often used diflubenzuron ( dimilin1 ) (11.20), which affects many nontarget species.128... 

Tubers (potato, cassava) Araecerus fasciculatusa Lasioderma serricorne Phthorimaea operculellaa Prostephanus truncatusa Coffee bean weevil Cigarette beetle Potato tuber moth Larger grain borer... 

Haplophytine (183), (Fig. 8), a polycyclic indole alkaloid, was first isolated by Snyder and coworkers in 1952, and identified as the principle bioactive component of the wild Mexican flower Haplophyton cimicidum A.D.C. (Apocynaceae) [72-77]. Haplophytine is of comparable toxicity to several widely used insecticides, and it was found to be toxic to a wide range of insects including European com borers, Mexican bean beetle larvae, Colorado potato beetle larvae and adults, grasshoppers, egg-plant lace bugs, and codling moths [75]. 

The host range of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylos-tella, appears to be correlated with the presence of glucosinolates in the host plants, but the role of stimulants and attrac-tants in oviposition seem to be important. Extracts of Brassica oleracea (cabbage), B.juncea (mustard), and Erysimum cheiranthoides stimulated oviposition by gravid females on bean plants. Extracts of Erysimum cheiranthoides, Tropaeolum majus, and Capsella bursa-pastoris which deterred oviposition by the cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae, were not deterrent to Plutella xylostella (Renwick and Radke, 1990). 

Acanthoscelides obtectus Bean weevil Coleoptera Bruchidae Acrolepiopsis assectella Leek moth... 

Studies of the sequence changes in cytodirome c found in 30 species ranging from man through moth to castor bean show that the hydrophobic nature of the haem box is conserved. A number of residues on the left side including the aromatics Tyr-59,1 -67, and Tyr-74 are conserved, which is consistent with the importance of this part of the molecule to electron transfer. The character of the basic region is also conserved, which explains the observation that cytochrome c from one species will react in vitro with cytochrome-oxidase preparations from distantly related species. Modelbuilding studies on bacterial cytochromes show that the sequence of cytochrome C from Rhodospirillum rubrum with 114 amino-acids can be easily... 

Peas can be attacked by a range of pests including pea and bean weevil, pea cyst nematode, aphids, moths, thrips, pea midge, silver Y moth and slugs. Damping off, foot and root rot, leaf and pod spot, downy mildew, powdery mildew, botrytis, virus and bacterial blight can affect the pea erop and may need controlling. 

Cutworms, bean seed fly, onion fly, leek moth and thrips can be a problem in the crop. Rust, foot rot, leaf blotch, white tip and white rot are the main disease problems in leeks. 

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