Indian subcontinent

Schultz, S., Baral, S., and Charman, S. (2004). Diclofenac poisoning is widespread in declining vulture populations across the Indian subcontinent. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B Biological Sciences 271, Supplement, 458-460. 

The distribution of the various species of malaria is not well defined but P. vivax is reported to be prevalent in the Indian subcontinent, Central America, North Africa, and the Middle East, whereas P. falciparum is predominantly in Africa (including sub-Saharan Africa), both East and West Africa, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, the Amazon region of South America, Southeast Asia, and New Guinea. Most P. ovale infections occur in Africa, while the distribution of P. malariae is worldwide.7 Most infections in the United States are reported in American travelers, recent immigrants, or immigrants who have visited... 

This finding was predated by the three-volume report of the Indian Hemp Commission from 1898, when Queen Victoria s government concluded that the smoking of cannabis, or hemp, did not impair the work rates of farm labourers in the Indian subcontinent. However, it should be emphasised that these reports were concerned with old-fashioned natural cannabis, whose THC content was around 1-2% this was the type used by hippies in the 1960s. But, during the 1970s selective plant breeding and hydroponic plant cultures led to increased THC values of around... 

Green RE, Newton I, Shultz S, Cunningham AA, Gilbert M, Pain DJ, Prakash V (2004) Diclofenac poisoning as a cause of vulture population declines across the Indian subcontinent. J Appl Ecol 41 793-800... 

Tarwadi K and Agte V. 2005. Antioxidant and micronutrient quality of fruit and root vegetables from the Indian subcontinent and their comparative performance with green leafy vegetables and fruits. J Sci Food Agric 85(9) 1469—1476. 

It is normally found in southern and Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Mediterranean, northwestern China, Africa, and the Indian subcontinent. The natural reservoirs are ticks and numerous animal species. Animals (e.g., cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, hares, hedgehogs) infected with this virus usually have no clinical symptoms or suffer only a mild illness. The hemorrhagic fever is highly pathogenic and notable for aerosol transmission. This is a biosafety level 4 agent. 

It is normally found in Japan, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and parts of Oceania. The natural reservoirs are water birds such as herons and egrets, and mosquitoes. Swine acts as amplifying host and has very important role in epidemiology of the disease. Human and horses are dead-end hosts and disease is manifested as fatal encephalitis. This is a biosafety level 3 agent. 

It is normally found in Africa, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, and much of Asia. It is a serious, often fatal disease of sheep. It can persist for up to 6 months in shaded animal pens, and for at least 3 months in dry scabs on the fleece, skin, and hair from infected animals. 

Other plants known to contain psychoactive compounds include hellebore, which was used for centuries in Europe to treat mania, violent temper, mental retardation and epilepsy. However, a drug of major importance in modern psychopharmacology arose from the discovery by medicinal chemists of the alkaloids of Rauwolfia serpentina, a root which had been used in the Indian subcontinent for centuries, not only for the treatment of snake bite but also for alleviating "insanity". Understandably, the mechanism of action of reserpine, the alkaloid purified from Rauwolfia serpentina, helped to lay the basis to psychopharmacology by demonstrating how the depletion of central and peripheral stores of biogenic amines was correlated with a reduction in blood pressure and tranquillization. 

Fig. 11 illustrates this hydrological paradox [37] by comparing the altitude distribution of runoff measurement stations in Switzerland and Nepal Nepal, a key hydrological mountainous country for the Indian subcontinent (cf. Sect. 5), has only... 

Reddy, Y.C., Girimaji, S., and Srinath, S. (1997) Clinical profile of mania in children and adolescents from the Indian subcontinent. Can ] Psychiatry 42 841-846. 

Cholera is a dreadful disease. It causes diarrhea so severe that a person suffering from it can lose as much as ten liters of water in a day. If left untreated, cholera can lead to rapid dehydration and death within a few days. The disease first appeared in Europe in 1831, an import from the Indian subcontinent, where it was endemic. Over fifty-thousand Britons died within a year, sparking widespread panic. Physicians didn t know what to do. They plied their patients with arsenic and strychnine, they gave them tobacco enemas, they wrapped them in flannel soaked in turpentine, they bled them with leeches, and they blistered them with nitric acid. All, of course, to no avail. No one knew what caused the disease, but the prevailing opinion seemed to be that cholera was somehow transmitted by the bad air, or miasma, that emanated from the sick and from garbage. One London dentist actually announced that the... 

The Siwalik Group has long been famous for its abundant vertebrate fossils, among which are some early hominid ancestors. Its primates include Ramapithecus and Sivapithecus from the older beds, and younger specimens, cf. Homo erectus, from the Upper Siwalik Group, including the Pinjore Formation (72). Dates would therefore help establish the arrival time of hominins in the Indian subcontinent. 

Chakraborti, D., Rahman, M.M., Paul, K. et al. (2002) Arsenic calamity in the Indian subcontinent What lessons have been learned Talanta, 58(1), 3-22. 

Figure 6.1 (a) Sites ofgeogenic arsenic contamination in the Indian subcontinent (1) Bengal basin, Bangladesh ... 

Sarkar, S., Blaney, L.M., Gupta, A. et al. (2007) Use of ArsenXnp, a hybrid anion exchanger, for arsenic removal in remote villages in the Indian subcontinent. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 67(Spec. Iss. 12), 1599-611. 

Figure 2. Sketch of Indian subcontinent and neighboring Tibet, showing seasonal changes in rainfall in the Indian subcontinent and atmospheric pressure over the plateau.

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