Morphologic characteristics

To further characterize the event it is first necessary to identify critical features of the initial configuration that will strongly influence the process. For powder compacts, the most obvious features are the morphological characteristics of the powders, their microstructures, and the porosity of the compact. For solid density samples, the grain structure, grain boundaries, defect level, impurities, and inclusions are critical features. 

From the difference of these morphological characteristics, a simplified three-layer model could be set up and the inhomogeneous structure could be classified into these three layers. Figure 23 illustrates the relative thickness of the core, transition, and skin layer for the four sample groups, depending on the processing condition. 

Similarly, we can pick another example in crystal growth in melt. In this case, the growth occurs at the interface between the melt and a substrate that is kept at a constant temperature that is lower than the critical temperature for crystallization. The morphology characteristic of the instability is formed by the coupling of the heat flux and the surface-form fluctuation. This problem was first theoretically analyzed by Mullins and Sekerka.57-62... 

In this section of our review, recent developments in the synthesis of organosiloxane containing multiphase copolymers and networks will be discussed. Basic structural and physical characteristics of the copolymers (e.g. spectroscopic, thermal, molecular weight, etc.), supporting the formation of the multiphase structures will be given. Mechanical and morphological characteristics of representative systems will be discussed in Chapt. 4. 

Similarly, Table 7 shows the morphology characteristics of selected polyphosphazenes. 

Myosin may be extracted via high-ionic-strength buffers and purified. Synthetic thick filaments of myosin spontaneously assemble upon lowering the ionic strength of its solution, exhibiting the morphological characteristics of native thick filaments. This process initiates with myosin monomers assembled into parallel dimers. The dimers assemble into antiparallel tetramers, the tetramers into octamers, and the octamers into minifilaments... 

ATCC issues Certificates of Analysis with cultures. Although ATCC Certificate of Analysis do not meet the specific requirements of ISO Guide 31, they do show that the biological RM culture has been authenticated and/or specific characteristics have been verified. Each ATCC Certificate of Analysis is lot-specific and includes expiration dates, the specific seeds used for propagation, and selected biochemical and morphological characteristics that are indicative of the culture. ATCC also aims to provide a Product Sheet for each microbial culture, with instructions for propagation, special features of the organism, and any imusual observations or properties. 

FIGURE 66-2. Important bacterial pathogens classified according to Gram stain and morphologic characteristics. (Reprinted from Rybak MJ, Aeschlimann JR. Laboratory tests to direct antimicrobial pharmacotherapy. In In DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al, (eds.) Pharmacotherapy A Pathophysiologic Approach. 6th ed. New York McGraw-Hill 2005 1894.)... 

When embryos treated as described above were left to develop, they reached the onset of gastrulation with no visible changes in morphology compared to untreated embryos. However, as they reached stage 10.5, the embryos underwent rapid and synchronous apoptosis. This rapid cell death had striking morphological characteristics individual cells from the embryo lost their cohesion and adhesiveness and rapidly lysed so that few or no intact cells were found in each embryo 20 minutes following the onset of apoptosis (Fig. IB). 

Lobanova EA, Sorkina NS, Loshchilov YUA. 1987. [Functional and morphological characteristics of the gastric mucosa in patients with chronic lead poisoning.] Gig Tr Prof Zabol 23-25. (German)... 

Researchers focused on the metabolically competent human hepatoma cell line HepG2 as a model of human liver. HepG2 cells are a well-known hepatoma cell line that retains many of the morphological characteristics of liver parenchymal cells. This model is often used as a useful tool for HRA/ERA-oriented chemical risk assessment due to the expression of antioxidant and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (in particular phase I and phase II enzymes responsible for the bioactivation/detoxification of various xenobiotics) that can be induced or inhibited by dietary and non-dietary agents [28-30]. 

Examine the specimen on days 3, 5, and 7. Strongyloides filariform larvae are found on days 2 and 3, and hookworm larvae are found on days 5 through 7. Larvae are identified by their morphological characteristics. 

The great difficulties inherent in determining the origin of natural structures by studying morphological characteristics have recently been recognized and described (Garcfa-Ruiz, 2002). 

Body fluid specimens will be prepared and stained and the morphologic characteristic of the cells and the environment in which these cells are found will be examined by light microscopy. To achieve this, a representative cell sample must be obtained and adequate cell fixation is a prerequisite. Proper identification of the specimen and protection of the specimen s integrity are essential. Finally, pertinent patient clinical history is important for accurate specimen interpretation. 

Panagiotopoulou, P., and Kondarides, D.I. 2004. Effect of morphological characteristics of Ti02-supported noble metal catalysts on their activity for the water-gas shift reaction. J. Catal. 225 327-36. 

Fig. 1 Photograph illustrating the morphologies characteristic of the kl- and KH-phases of (BEDT-TTF)2M(CF3)4(solvent)...

Probably the most extensive use of particle morphology and microscopy has been in the area of chemical microscopy. With this approach, derivatives of the analyte species are prepared, crystallized, and identified through the morphological characteristics of these derivatives [21]. Most of these applications have been superseded by modem methods of analysis, but the microscopic method can still be used by skilled practitioners for the study of trace quantities of analyte. The literature developed during the heyday of chemical microscopy is too large to be reviewed here, but advances in the field are still chronicled in the Annual Reviews issue of Analytical Chemistry [22]. A substantial review of the optical characteristics of organic compounds is available [23]. 

Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dell Endometriosi (2001) Relationship between stage, site and morphological characteristics of pelvis endometriosis and pain. Hum Reprod 16 2668-2671... 

Johnson, E.W. and Rasmussen, L.E.L. (2002) Morphological characteristics of the vomeronasal organ of the newborn Asian elephant, Elephas maximus. Anat. Rec. 267, 252-59. 

ZnO particle morphologies are very complex and diversiform in comparison with Ti02. Thus, monodispersed ZnO particles with well-defined morphological characteristics, such as spherical, ellipsoidal, needle, prismatic, and rod-like shapes, have been obtained. Aggregates composed of these basic shape particles have also been achieved. The methods used for synthesis of these ZnO powders include alkali precipitation [214-216], thermal decomposition [217], hydrothermal synthesis [218], organo-zinc hydrolysis [219], spray pyrolysis [220], and other routes. 

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