Morphology and physical characteristics

Bhat, M.N., Dharmaprakash, S.M. Effect of solvents on the growth morphology and physical characteristics of nonlinear optical y-glycine crystals, J. Crystal Growth 242 (1-2) (2002) 245-252. 

The rationale is that NP in itself cannot be used as the only comparison, since the morphology and physical characteristics of the NP may be completely different from those of the MIP. For example, the surface area and polarity of the materials may differ substantially, resulting in large differences in nonspecific binding. 

Early studies on sphemlitic growth were sectioned in different subjects because they have investigated in numbers of material systems of various characteristics. Some well-established morphologies of sphemUte are presented in Fig. 1.15. Efforts have been made to propose a common feature of growth and mechanism of sphemlitic patterns. However, it observed that mechanism of spherulitic growth is not depends only on the molecular property and chemical stmctures of material systems. The morphologies and physical characteristics of a sphemlite from a system to other materials are varied drastically and found to be reliable on few key factors. 

In this section of our review, recent developments in the synthesis of organosiloxane containing multiphase copolymers and networks will be discussed. Basic structural and physical characteristics of the copolymers (e.g. spectroscopic, thermal, molecular weight, etc.), supporting the formation of the multiphase structures will be given. Mechanical and morphological characteristics of representative systems will be discussed in Chapt. 4. 

Some empirical observations can help to understand how the feedstock physical state (i.e., suspension, emulsion, solution) and the physicochemical properties of the formulation components relate to the morphology and surface characteristics of the spray dried particles. As mentioned above shell formation will occur when one of the formulation components reaches its solubility and precipitates leading to the formation of a solid shell that may be either amorphous or crystalline. Low aqueous solubility components tend to precipitate early in the drying process and lend to form corrugated... 

In turn, the development of principles of polymer and composite behavior, coupled with the availability of instrumentation to. characterize both morphology and physical properties, has made possible a much better scientific understanding of polymer composites. Further research on phase and interfacial characteristics continues to be productive, especially now that newer instruments permit quantitative elemental analysis of exceedingly small volume elements (Hercules, 1972). The knowledge gained should greatly improve the now rather undeveloped state of polymer selection and design. 

The use of guidance channels can improve this process, and experiments have been performed to determine the influence of their material properties on the regenerative effects, entini et al. [60] reported how the composition and physical characteristics of synthetic materials used as nerve guidance channels can influence the rate and morphology of peripheral nerve regeneration. 

In this chapter no attempt is made to list the mechanical properties of all the polyethylene resins available. It is more important to understand the basic relationships that govern such properties. The nature of a specimen s response to applied stress can be correlated with its morphological and molecular characteristics it is these relationships that are emphasized. The mechanical properties of a specimen are controlled by its processing history within the limits imposed by its molecular characteristics. The nature of the molecular mechanisms involved in the physical deformation of polyethylene is discussed in Chapter 8. 

Characterization. Ceramic bodies are characterized by density, mass, and physical dimensions. Other common techniques employed in characterizing include x-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron or petrographic microscopy to determine crystal species, stmcture, and size (100). Microscopy (qv) can be used to determine chemical constitution, crystal morphology, and pore size and morphology as well. Mercury porosknetry and gas adsorption are used to characterize pore size, pore size distribution, and surface area (100). A variety of techniques can be employed to characterize bulk chemical composition and the physical characteristics of a powder (100,101). 

A number of subdivisions of the maceral groups have been developed and documented by the International Commission on Coal Petrology (14). Table 1 Usts the Stopes-Heeden classification of higher rank coals. Periodic revisions include descriptions of the macerals, submacerals, morphology, physical properties, and chemical characteristics. Theories on the mode of formation of the macerals and their significance in commercial appUcations are also included of Reference 14. 

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