Molluscicidals

Thiiranes (77) show some juvenile hormone activity, but the epoxide is often more active. Thiophosphates of 2-mercaptomethylthiirane are strong contact insecticides 2-chloromethylthiirane and4-vinyl- 1,2-epithiocyclohexane are nematocides. Severalthiirane 1 -oxides are reported to be insecticides, molluscicides and herbicides (68USP3413306). 1,2-Epithio-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene is a mild herbicide. 

The difference in reactivity is perfectly revealed in Metz s total synthesis of the molluscicidal furanosesquiterpene lactones ricciocarpin A (50) and B (51) (Scheme 9) [32]. Attempts to convert acrylate 43 to lactone 44 using Grubbs5 catalyst A or Schrock s molybdenum catalyst B resulted in very low yields of the... 

Cardarelli, N. F., "Controlled Release Molluscicides, Environ. Manage. Lab. Mon., p. 34. Univ. Akron, Ohio, 1977. 

Regarding soils, a central issue is the persistence and movement of pesticides that are widely used in agriculture. Many different insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and molluscicides are applied to agricultural soils, and there is concern not only about effects that they may have on nontarget species residing in soil, but also on the possibility of the chemicals finding their way into adjacent water courses. 

Rodenticides, Avicides, Molluscicides, Piscicides, Vertebrate control agents). 

Effects of Sesquiterpene Lactones on Seed Germination. Sesquiterpene lactones are common constituents of the Asteraceae but are also found in other angiosperm families and in certain liverworts (31,32). These highly bitter substances exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities (J 3) which include cytotoxicity, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, insecticidal (34) and molluscicidal (35) properties. Furthermore, they are known causes for livestock poisoning and contact dermatitis in humans (33). Structure-activity relationship studies on sesquiterpene lactones have demonstrated that biological activity frequently depend on the presence of the cr... 

Emara [53] developed a rapid, simple, accurate and reproducible method for the quantitative determination of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (NES), the most widely used molluscicide against snail vectors of schistosomiasis, in both distilled and natural canal waters. The biocide was extracted completely from water samples by passing through Sep-Pak Ci8 cartridge and eluting the cartridge with methanol. The eluate was then analyzed directly for NES by UV Vis spectrophotometry at 330 nm [53]. 

Used industrially as an insecticide, acaricide, and molluscicide. This material is on the CDC and FBI threat lists. 

Used industrially as an insecticide, molluscicide, and preemergence herbicide. 

Cheng, T.C. 1979. Use of copper as a molluscicide. Pages 401-432 in J.O. Nriagu (ed.). Copper in the Environment. Part 2 Health Effects. John Wiley, NY. 

Ebele, S., A.A. Oladimeji, and J.A. Daramola. 1990. Molluscicidal and piscicidal properties of copper (II) tetraoxosulfate (VI) on Bulinus globosus (Morelet) and Clarias anguillaris (L). Aquat. Toxicol. 17 231-238. Eisler, R. 1973. Annotated bibliography on biological effects of metals in aquatic environments (No. 1-567). 

Triorganotins Agrochemical fungicides, herbicides, miticides, insecticides, nematocides, acaracides, antifeedants biocide in marine paints slimicide in paper pulp mills and cooling towers rodent repellent molluscicides wood preservative fungicides disinfectants stone preservation textile, paper, and leather protection (Piver 1973 Hunter 1976 Kumpulainen and Koivistoinen 1977 CEC 1978 WHO 1980 Davies and Smith 1982 Chau etal. 1984 Subramanian 1984 Wilkinson 1984 Blunden etal. 1985 Maguire and Tkacz 1985 Thompson etal. 1985 Blunden and Chapman 1986 USPHS 1992). 

Duncan, J. 1980. The toxicology of molluscicides. The organotins. Pharmacol. Ther. 10 407-429. 

Floch, H. and R. Deschiens. 1962. Etude comparee de Taction molluscicide du 5,2 -dichloro-4 -nitro-salicy-lanilide (Bayer 73) et de sels (acetate et chlorine) de triphenyl-etain. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 55 816-825. 

Floch, H., R. Deschiens, and T. Floch. 1964. Sur les proprietes molluscicides de l oxyde et de Tacetate de tributyl-etain (prophylaxie des bilharzioses). Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 57 454-465. 

Primary uses Wood preservative, preharvest defoliant, herbicide, molluscicide, insecticide, fungicide... 

Since 1994, the nematodes are being sold as commercial product under the trade name Nemaslug (Glen et al. 1994, 1996) prepared by MicroBio Ltd. (now Becker Underwood) and now the sale of this biological molluscicide has increased to many other European countries like France, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Italy and Ireland. However, the shelf life of this product is very less when compared to other entomopathogenic nematodes such as Steinernema sp. or Heterorhabditis sp. (Ester and Wilson 2005). 

Grewal PS, Grewal SK, Tylor RAJ, Hammond RB. Application of molluscicidal nematodes to slug shelters a novel approach to economic biological control of slugs. Bio Cont. 2001 22 72-80. 

The molluscicidal activity of imidazo[2,l-/][l,3,4]thiadiazoles and imidazo[2,l-/][l,3,4]oxadiazoles, such as compounds 112 and 109 (Figure 25), have been evaluated against the snail Lymnaea acumiata, which is a vector of the giant liver flukes, Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica <2004IJC(B)901>. 

Herbicide I = Insecticide M = Molluscicide N = Nematocide F = Fungicide, P = plant growth regulator AD = Adjuvant AC = Acaricide. 

The biosynthesis of barbamide, a potent molluscicidal natural product, was reported by Walsh and cow-orkers. Their findings support the enzymatic trichlorination of L-leucine by two genes, barBl and barBl, to yield L-5,5,5-trichloroleucine (Scheme 6). 

This comprehensive definition makes it elear that a wide number of substances may be eonsidered to be pestieides, and that the eommonality among all pestieides is their ability to provide eontrol over pests. A variety of classifications for pesticides have been developed that are specific for the type of pest controlled. Insecticides, for example, are pesticides that control insects, while herbicides control weeds and fungicides control plant diseases (molds). In addition to these major classifications of pesticides, there are many other classifications. These include nematicides (for nematode control), acaracides (mite control), rodenticides (rodent control), molluscicide (snail and slug control), algacides (algal control), bacteriocides (bacterial control), and defoliants (leaf control). 

Molluscicide Kills snails and slugs (may include oysters, clams, mussels)... 

Previous work with extracts of various plant species containing isobutylamide compounds indicated the larvicidal effects of the extracts against several species of mosquito.Other work has shown the molluscicidal activity of some unsaturated aliphatic isobutylamides against Physa occidentalis. 

The lethal activity of the isobutylamides on B. glabratus is shown in Table III. Molluscicidal activity was monitored as described previously.Briefly, snails of uniform sizes (average diameter of the shell 9 mm) were placed 2 snails/ concentration into deionized water solutions containing known concentrations of the isobutylamides. Unlike the relative activities of the isobutylamides on the tested insect species, fagaramide (1 ) and N-isobutyl-2E,4E -octadienamide ( ) were more potent molluscicides than were pellitorine (4) or piperlongumine (2). 

Efforts are underway in our laboratory to discover natural product-based molluscicides to control snails that are harmful for agricultural commodities such as catfish, rice, tarro, and orchids. Catfish Ictalurus punctatus) is one of the major farm-raised fish in the U.S. The ram s... 

---