Fasciola gigantica

The molluscicidal activity of imidazo[2,l-/][l,3,4]thiadiazoles and imidazo[2,l-/][l,3,4]oxadiazoles, such as compounds 112 and 109 (Figure 25), have been evaluated against the snail Lymnaea acumiata, which is a vector of the giant liver flukes, Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica <2004IJC(B)901>. 

Itagaki, T. and Tsutsumi, K.l. (1 998) Triploid form of Fasciola in Japan genetic relationships between Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica determined by ITS-2 sequence of nuclear rDNA. International Journal for Parasitology 28, 777-781. 

Yamasaki, H., Mineki, R., Murayama, K., Ito, A. and Aoki, T. (2002) Characterisation and expression of the Fasciola gigantica cathepsin L gene. International Journal for Parasitology 32, 1031-1042. 

Fujino, T., Fried, B. and Takamiya, S. (1 995) Cytochemical localization of cytochrome c oxidase activity in mitochondria in the tegument and tegumental and parenchymal cells of the trematodes Echinostoma trivolvis, Zygocotyle lunata, Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola gigantica and Paragonimus ohirai. Journal of IHelminthology 69, 1 95-201. 

Wuhrer, M., Berkefeld, C., Dennis, R.D., Idris, M.A. and Geyer, R. (2001) The liver flukes Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica express the leucocyte cluster of differentiation marker CD77 (globotriaosylce-ramide) in their tegument. Biological Chemistry 382, 1 95-207. 

Evidence for pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis has also been found in other trematodes. Its enzymes are present in Fasciola gigantica (81), Paragonimus ohirai (112) and Clonorchis sinensis (112). De novo biosynthesis was verified by demonstrating the incorporation of [ C]bicarbonate into the C-2 position of uracil in P. ohirai (112). The pyrimidine salvage enzymes, uridine kinase and thymidine kinase, are found in P. ohirai and C. sinensis extracts (112). Aspartate transcarbamoylase is found in Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomum cervi extracts (113). 

Hashimoto, K., Watanobe, T., Liu, C.X., Init, I., Blair, D., Ohnishi, S. and Agatsuma, T. (1997) Mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA indicate that the Japanese Fasciola species is F. gigantica. Parasitology Research 83, 220-225. 

It is interesting that within the cathepsin L clade of Fasciola, significant allelic diversification has taken place. Thus far, 6 and 1 7 different cathepsin L sequences have been identified for F. gigantica and F. hepatica, respectively, but all belong to a mono-... 

These are particularly common in cattle sheep and goats producing significant economic losses. The major liver flukes which infect ruminants are Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Fascioloides tmgna, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Clonorchis sinensis and Opis-thorchis spp. These parasites usually cause hepatic problems in the animals. 

Fasciola including F. gigantica, F. hepatica Giardia including G. lamblia... 

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