Plant diseases control

The fungicides are among the chemicals of wide use as plant diseases control agents in intensive agriculture. At the same time these pesticides could have toxic effects, when accumulated in man and animals. Because of general society concern about fungicides use, they should be monitored in waters, soils and crops. 

In many cases, the incorporation of organic matter in the soil may be a beneficial alternative to chemicals for plant disease control. Lor example, Viana et al. (2000) reported that matured cattle manure and sugarcane husks are efficient alternatives for control of bean damping-off (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum). Larmyard manure applied at 5 t/ha once every three years reduced dry root rot (Macrophominaphaseolina) to 32% in groundnut (Arachis... 

Alternative crops Biofortification Diversification Decreases erosion Increases biodiversity Increases yield Increases soil nitrogen Recycles nutrients Pest control Plant disease control (2009) Deguine et al. (2009) Dordas (2009) Etchevers et al. (2009) Kalinova (2009) Knorzer et al. (2009) Malezieux et al. (2009) Palaniappan et al. (2009) Spiertz (2009) Zuo and Zhang (2009)... 

Katan (1981) Solar heating (solarization) of soil for control of soilbome pests. Ann Rev Phytopathol 19 211-236. doi 10.1146/annurev.py.l9.090181.001235 Katan J (1987) Soil solarization. In Chet I (ed) Innovative approaches to plant disease control. Wiley, New York, USA, pp 77-105... 

Scheurell S, Mahaffe W (2002) Compost tea principles and prospects for plant disease control. Compost Sd Util 10 313-338... 

Uses Heat transfer liquid fungistat for oranges plant disease control manufacture of benzidine organic synthesis. 

Jha, V. "Antibiotics for Plant Disease Control" Mithi-la Univ. Darbhanga, India, 1978 p. 99. 

Progress in basic phytopathological research will certainly point out new methods for plant disease control in the future. We will need to use all the available weapons, from resistance breeding and quarantine measures, to biological, physical and chemical methods, for the prevention and control of plant disease. In this battle, control by chemical products will continue to play a vital role. 

BACTERIAL ROOT ZONE COMMUNITIES, BENEFICIAL ALLELOPATHIES AND PLANT DISEASE CONTROL... 

Bacterial Root Zone Communities, Beneficial Allelopathies and Plant Disease Control... 

Reviews on many antibiotics including cycloheximide, griseofulvin and streptomycin tested for the purpose of agricultural use in western countries have been published (1-6). It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the present status of antibiotics as plant disease control agents. The discussion will mainly be limited to antibiotics which are practically used as new pesticides in Japan. For the other literature, the reader may refer the reviews mentioned above. 

One of the most serious problems on plant disease control is the virulence of virus diseases. Trials to develop antiviral antibiotics have been enthusiastically conducted by many workers. Consequently, many antibiotics have been revealed to be effective on inhibiting the multiplication of several plant viruses by in vitro test and pot test. They are blasticidin S, laurusin, bihoromycin, miharamycin, citrinin and aabomycin A etc. However,... 

Dubos, B. In Innovative Approaches la Plant Disease Control Chet, I., Ed. John Wiley Sons NY. 1987 pp 107-35. 

At present, plant disease control measures are mainly preventive. Once a plant or plant product is infected and symptoms appear, few control methods, including pesticides are effective. 

Successful chemical control of plant diseases requires proper timing. Plant disease control on some crops must begin before infection occurs. The protectant chemical must be applied when environmental conditions ate expected to be ideal for the development of plant pathogens. If the protectant is not applied in time, major crop damage may result or the application of the more expensive eradicant sprays may be needed. Label directions often call for routine protectant applications every 7 to 10 days during periods of prime infection risk. Almost all plant disease control chemicals are applied as cover sprays. The purpose is to reach and protect all potential sites of infection. 

Common household fungicides, such as Scotts Lawn Fungus Control and Ortho Multi Purpose Fungicide Daconil 2787 Plant Disease Control generally contain carbamates that are moderately toxic, cause skin and eye irritation upon exposure, may be harmful if swallowed, and with prolonged or excessive inhalation may cause respiratory tract irritation. 

Use Organic synthesis, heat-transfer agent, fungistat in packaging of citrus fruit, plant disease control, manufacture of benzidine, dyeing assistant for polyesters. 

PLANT DISEASE CONTROL Resistance and Susceptibility Richard C. Staples and Gary H. Toenniessen, Editors STRAUSS AIR POLLUTION CONTROL, Part IV Gordon M. Bragg and Jennifer Strauss, Editors... 

Gullino, M.L., Leroux, P. and Smith, C.M. (2000) Uses and challenges of novel compounds for plant disease control. Crop Protection, 19, 1-11. 

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