Larvicidal effects

Nelson, J.H. and E.S. Evans, Jr. 1973. Field evaluations of the larvicidal effectiveness. Effects on Non-target Species and Environmental Residues of a Slow-Release Polymer Formulation of Chlorpyrifos. U.S. Army Environ. Hygiene Agen. Rep. No. 44-022-73/75. Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. 15 pp. 

Previous work with extracts of various plant species containing isobutylamide compounds indicated the larvicidal effects of the extracts against several species of mosquito.Other work has shown the molluscicidal activity of some unsaturated aliphatic isobutylamides against Physa occidentalis. 

Table VI. Larvicidal effect against Pieris brassicae of 61 substituted benzoyl phenvlureas. ...

Benzimidazoles are thought to act against nematodes by inhibiting microtubule synthesis. Albendazole also has larvicidal effects in hydatid disease, cysticercosis, ascariasis, and hookworm infection and ovicidal effects in ascariasis, ancylostomiasis, and trichuriasis. 

They have been summarized elsewhere (<3, 2., JK3, JM ) However, it is relevant to mention that in several studies, additionally to the larvicidal effect of diflubenzuron, activities on the eggs of various insect species have been found (12, 13 14, 15 16, 17... 

QSAR for the larvicidal effects of benzoylphenyl ureas on Pieris brassicae and Aedes aegypti larvae were studied for the following subseries ... 

LARVICIDAL EFFECT OF RYANIA (NOT PERMITTED FOR USE IN THE EU AT PRESENT). This alkaloid is also very effective against the larvae of the codling moth. The advantage of Ryania is its broad spectrum of action, allowing control of other caterpillars (tortrix moths, etc.) as well as codling moth. 

R. officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) can be found in the Mediterranean area. The used parts are the fresh owering tops. The essential oil can be used as antipest due to its effect on beetles, caterpillar larvae, and many other insects (Dayan et ah, 2009) like Drosophila auraria (Konstantopoulou et ah, 1992), Sitophilus oryzae (Lee et ah, 2004), or Rhyzopertha dominica (Shaaya et ah, 1991). The microencapsulated essential oil also showed larvicidal effects on Lymantria dispar (Moretti et ah, 2002). In Acanthoscelides obtectus males and females, R. officinalis volatile oil also caused high mortality rates (Papachristos and Stamopoulos, 2002). Repellent activity was reported against Listronotus oregonensis (Niepel, 2000). 

A series of benzimidazole and benzothiazole linked phos-phoramidates and phosphoramidothioates (146) and benzimidazole linked phenylphosphoramidates and phenylphosphoramidothioates (147) have been synthesised (Scheme 44) and preliminarily screened for mosquito larvicidal properties against Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatusat. Among the screened compounds three compounds revealed potential larvicidal effects with 100% mortality in the order of (147) > (146a) >(146b). ... 

SP Frances, RL Huggins, and RD Cooper. Evaluation of the inhibition of egg laying, larvicidal effects and bloodfeeding success of Aedes aegypti exposed to permethrin- and bifenthrin-treated military tent fabric. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 24 598-600, 2008. 

Methoprene and hydroprene are first-generation juvenoids that iacorporate minor stmctural optimisation of neotenin to increase persistence. Methoprene, 1-isopropyl (E,E)-ll-methoxy-3,7,ll-tnmethyl dodecadi-2,4-enoate (129) (bp 100 C/6.7 Pa, vp 3.5 mPa at 25°C), is soluble ia water to 1.4 mg/L. The rat oral LD q is >34,000 mg/kg. Methoprene has been used as a mosquito larvicide, ia baits for ant control, and as a catde feed-through treatment for horn fly control. Hydroprene, methyl (H,H)-3,7,ll-trimethyl-dodecadi-2,4-enoate (130) (bp 174°C at 2.5 kPa, vp 2.5 mPa at 25°C), is soluble ia water to 0.54 mg/L. The rat oral LD q is >34,000 mg/kg. Hydroprene is especially effective against aphids and cockroaches. 

Schaefer, C.H. and E.F. Dupras, Jr. 1969. The effects of water quality, temperature and light on the stability of organophosphorus larvicide used for mosquito control. Proc. Pap. Annu. Conf. Calif. Mosq. Control Assoc. 37 67-75. 

Ali, A. and M.S. Mulla. 1978a. Effects of chironomid larvicides and diflubenzuron on nontarget invertebrates in residential-recreational lakes. Environ. Entomol. 7 21-27. 

Mulla, M.S., H. A. Darwazeh, and M.S. Dhillon. 1980. New pyrethroids as mosquito larvicides and their effects on nontarget organisms. Mosquito News 40 6-12. 

Carbosulfan, CGA-73,102, and ONCOL are derivatives of carbofuran (2,3-dihydr0-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl methylcarbamate) which have broad spectrum activity similar to that of carbofuran but are substantially less toxic to mammals. CGA-73,102 is particularly effective as a soil insecticide by both contact and systemic action (9). Thiodicarb (10) and U-56,299 (11) are highly effective lepidopterous larvicides but are less toxic to plants and mammals than me thorny 1. U-56,299, with a rat acute... 

Oil as Toxicant. Crude petroleum and several petroleum products, used alone or with other materials acting as contact poisons, make effective mosquito larvicides. 

There is need for experiments on the effect of various solvents in formulation of mosquito larvicides and adulticides containing chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. 

The miscibility and specific gravity of mosquito larvicides may greatly modify their usefulness. Likewise, information on the viscosity of petroleum oils in relation to their effectiveness as mosquito larvicides and adulticides may increase their value. There is much that we do not know about them and their place in mosquito control. 

Sotomatsu, T., Nakagawa, N., Fujita, T. (1987) Quantitative structure-activity studies of benzoylphenylurea larvicides. IV. Benzoyl ortho substituent effects and molecular conformation. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 27, 156-164. 

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