Microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Minganti V, Capelli R, Depellegrini R (1995) Evaluation of different derivatization methods for the multielement detection of Hg, Pb and Sn compounds by gas chromatography-microwave induced plasma-atomic emission spectrometry in environmental samples. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 351 (4-5) 471 77. 

Methylated organo-selenium has been determined by GC/MS or fluorine-induced chemiluminescence to determine DMSe, DMDSe, and DMSeS. This last compound, dimethyl selenenyl sulfide, was mistakenly identified as dimethyl selenone (CH3Se02CH3) in earlier work with bacteria.181,182 However, much recent work with many microorganisms have shown ample evidence of DMSeS production from Gram-negative bacteria,181,183 phototrophic bacteria,167,184 phytoplankton185 and in B. juncea detailed above. SPME with microwave-induce plasma atomic emission spectrometry was recently used to... 

J. M. Costa-Fernandez, F. Lunzer, R. Pereiro, N. Bordel and A. Sanz-Medel, Direct coupling of high-performance liquid chromatography to microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry via volatile-species generation and its application to mercury and arsenic speciation, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 10, 1995, 1019-1025. 

R. Rodil, A. M. Carro, R. A. Lorenzo, M. Abuin and R. Cela, Methyl-mercury determination in biological samples by derivatisation, solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 963(1-2), 2002, 313-323. 

H. Matusiewicz, B. Golik and A. Suszka, Determination of the residual carbon content in biological and environmental samples by microwave-induced-plasma atomic emission spectrometry, Chem. Anal. (Warsaw), 44(3B), 1999, 559-566. 

Figure 4.2 Resolution of Me2Bu2Pb and Et3BuPb peaks for rain water taken from Sensitive speciation of lead in environmental waters by capillary gas-chromatography microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry (Lobinski and Adams, 1992).

Figure 6.1 Bar-graph of MeHg in CRM 580. The results correspond to six replicate determinations as performed by different laboratories using various methods. MEANS indicates the mean of laboratory means with 95% confidence interval. Abbreviations-. CVAAS, cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry CVAFS, cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry ECD, electron capture detection GC, gas chromatography HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography ICPMS, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry MIP, microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry QFAAS, quartz furnace atomic absorption spectrometry SFE, supercritical fluid extraction.

De la Calle Guntinas et al. [769] volatilised selenium from natural water samples by reaction with sodium tetraethylborate and measured the volatilised selenium by gas chromatography microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The detection limit for a 5mL sample was 8ppt. 

H. E. L. Palmieri, L. V. Leonel, Determination of methylmercury in t>sh tissue by gas chromatography with microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry after derivatization with sodium tetraphenylborate, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 366 (2000), 466 D 469. 

For clcmcnt-speciPc detection in GC, a number of dedicated spectrometric detection techniques can be used, for example, quartz furnace AAS or atomic Bu-orescence spectrometry (AFS) for Hg, or microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MIP-AES) for Pb or Sn. However, ICP-MS is virtually the only technique capable of coping, in the on-line mode, with the trace element concentrations in liquid chromatography (LC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) efBuents. The femtogram level absolute LoDs may still turn out to be insufficient if an element present at the nanogram per milliliter level splits into a number of species, or when the actual amount of sample analyzed is limited to some nanoliters as in the case of CE or nanoBow HPLC. The isotope spcciPcity of ICP-MS offers a still underexploited potential for tracer studies and for improved accuracy via isotope dilution analysis. 

J. Szpunar, V. O. Schmitt, J. L. Monod, Rapid speciation of butyltin compounds in sediments and biomaterials by capillary gas chromatography-microwave induced plasma atomic-emission spectrometry after microwave-assisted leaching-digestion, J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 11 (1996), 193D199. 

Matusiewicz, H. High-pressure microwave dissolution of ceramics prior to trace metal determinations by microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Mikrochim. Acta 111, 71-82 (1993)... 

As noted earlier, USNs have been employed for sample insertion into atomic spectrometers suoh as flame atomio absorption spectrometry (FAAS) [9,10], electrothermal atomic absorption speotrometry (ETAAS) [11], atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) [12,13], induotively ooupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) [14,15], inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [16,17] and microwave induced plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (MIP-AES) [18,19]. Most of the applications of ultrasonic nebulization (USNn) involve plasma-based detectors, the high sensitivity, selectivity, precision, resolution and throughput have fostered their implementation in routine laboratories despite their high cost [4]. 

Direct nebulization of an aqueous or organic phase containing extracted analytes has been widely used in flame atomic absorption spectroscopy [69-72], inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry [73-76], microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry [77-80] and atomic fluorescence spectrometry [81], as well as to interface a separation step to a spectrometric detection [82-85]. 

An ultrasonic nebulizer has been designed and used for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry [60] and microwave induced plasma-atomic emission spectrometry [61]. The apparatus is inexpensive and can be operated conveniently. Using this nebulizer, the detection limits of many elements, such as phosphorus, aluminum, and silver, were much reduced compared with the limits obtained using an aerodynamic nebulizer [62-64], The ultrasonic nebulizer was found to be suitable for samples which have a high salt concentration. 

Bulska E., Tschopel P., Broekaert J. A. C. and Tolg G. (1993) Different sample introduction systems for the simultaneous determination of As, Sb and Se by microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry, Anal Chim Acta 271 171-181. 

Tao H. and Miyazaki A. (1991) Determination of germanium, arsenic, antimony, tin and mercury at trace levels by continuous hydride generation-helium microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry, Anal Sci 7 55-59. 

Nakahara T., Mori T., Morimoto S. and Ishikawa H. (1995) Continuous-flow determination of aqueous sulfur by atmospheric-pressure helium microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry with gas-phase sample introduction, Spectrochim Acta, Part B 50 393-403. 

Broekaert J. A. C. Optimization of electrochemical hydride generation in a miniaturized flow cell coupled to microwave-induced plasma, atomic emission spectrometry for the determination of selenium, Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, in press. 

MIP-AES Microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry MS Mass spectrometry... 

Gerbersmann C., Lobinski R. and Adams F.C. (1995) Determination of volatile sulfur compounds in water samples, beer and coffee with purge and trap GC-microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 316, 93-104. 

HPLC, coupled with element-specific detectors such as AAS, AFS, ICP-MS and microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MIP-AES). In general, methods for mercury speciation are classified according to the isolation/separation technique and the detection systems (Horvat 1996, Carro and Mejuto 2000). Most methods for isolation/separation are based on solvent extraction, differential reduction, difference calculation between total and ionic mercury, derivatization, or on paper- and thin-layer chromatography. 

Rodriguez-Pereiro 1, Wasik a and Lobinski R (1997) Trace environmental speciation analysis for organometallic compounds by isothermal multicapillary gas chromatography-microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MC CC MIP AES. Anal Chem 42 799-808. 

ETV-MIP electrothermal vaporization-microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry EU European Union eukaryotic concerning all cells with membrane-bound, structurally discrete nuclei (or organisms composed of such cells) exencephaly protrusion of the brain from the skull (e.g. as a result of a congenital malformation)... 

Dietz, C. Landaluze, J.S. Ximenez-Embun, P. Madrid-Albarrai, Y. Camara, C. Volatile organo-selenium speciation in biological matter by solid phase microextractiotMnoderate temperature multicapillaiy gas chromatography with microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry detection. Anal. Chim. Acta 2004, 501,157-167. 

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