Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy

Piot, O., Autran, J.C., and Manfait, M. 2000. Spatial distribution of protein and phenolic constituents in wheat grain as probed by confocal raman microspectroscopy. J. Cereal Sci. 32, 57-71. 

G. J. Puppels, Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy in Fluorescent and Luminecent Probes for Biological Activity (W. T. Mason, ed.), Life Sci. Resources Ltd. Cambridge, UK (1999). 

Chourpa I, Douziech-Eyrolles D, Ngaboni-Okassa L, Fouquenet J-F, Cohen-Jonathan S, Souce M, Marchais H, Dubois P (2005) Molecular composition of iron oxide nanoparticles, precursors for magnetic dmg targeting, as characterized by confocal Raman microspectroscopy. Analyst 130 1395-1403... 

Puppels, G.J., De Mul, F.F.M., Otto, C., Greve, J., Robert-Nicoud, M., Arndt-Jovin, D.J. and Jovin, T.M. (1990) Studying single living cells and chromosomes by confocal Raman microspectroscopy. Nature, 347, 301-303. 

E. A., Bruining, H.A. and Puppels, G.J. (2001) In vivo confocal Raman microspectroscopy of the skin noninvasive determination of molecular concentration profiles. J. Invest. 

Results from Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy of Human Cells... 

These results demonstrate that confocal Raman microspectroscopy, when coupled to image reconstruction methods such as HCA, can provide label-free methods for the visuahzation of intracellular components and processes. This subject will be elaborated further in the next section. 

Depth Profiling Using Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy... 

Confocal Raman microspectroscopy was used to measure local compositions along a direction that was perpendicular to the original interface. Composition profiles generated by interdiffusion in the concentrated regime between polyphenylene oxide-polystyrene blend pairs were determined (128). 

Confocal Raman microspectroscopy was used to characterise the chemical composition of clearcoats in paint systems. Weathered and unweathered samples of isolated acrylic/melamine and acrylic/urethane clearcoats, polyester urethane clearcoats in weathered and unweathered samples of a complete paint system on plastic, and UV light cured acrylic clearcoats on polycarbonate substrates were studied (149). 

Confocal Raman microspectroscopy is now yielding spectra at micrometer spatial (lateral) resolution, and can be carried out in situ (Figure 6). Diffusion profiles can also be mapped. The potential for FTIR microspectroscopy is also apparent, and results have been obtained that are superior to those from OTTLE cells, with simpler cell design, thanks to the use of microelectrodes. But the discrimination against solvent absorption is poor for in situ work it is hoped that higher intensity sources, such as synchrotron sources, in conjunction with PM-IR-RAS, can overcome this problem. 

KJP Williams, GD Pitt, DN Batchelder, BJ Kip. Confocal Raman microspectroscopy using a stig-matic spectrograph and CCD detector. Appl Spectrosc 48 232-235, 1994. 

GJ Puppels. Confocal Raman microspectroscopy. In WT Mason, ed. Fluorescent and Luminescent Probes for Biological Activity, 2nd ed. San Diego, CA Academic Press, 1999, pp 377-406. 

S Hajatdoost, M Olsthoorn, J Yarwood. Depth profiling study of the effect of annealing temperature on polymer-polymer interfaces in laminates using confocal Raman microspectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc 51 1784-1790, 1997. 

Everall [66] used confocal Raman microspectroscopy on uniaxially drawn films of PET to determine 200- He noted that several corrections needed to be made due to the... 

With almost the same design as in Section 7.7.2, hyperspectral data for chemical imaging of a membrane system can be collected by confocal Raman microspectroscopy in order to study solvent distribution within a membrane [38-41]. Figure 7.11 depicts the spatial and spectral information measured on a protonconducting membrane clamped between methanol and water solutions. 

A. V. Feofanov, A. 1. Grichine, L. A. Shitova, T. A. Karmakova, R. 1. Yakubovskaya, M. Egret-Charlier, and P. Vigny, "Confocal Raman microspectroscopy and imaging study of theraphthal in living cancer cells," BiophysicalJoumal, vol. 78, pp. 499-512,2000. 

P. J. Caspers, G. W. Lucassen, E. A. Carter, H. A. Bmining, and G. J. Puppels, "In vivo confocal Raman microspectroscopy of the skin Noninvasive determination of molecular concentration profiles," Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol. 116, pp. 434-442, 2001. 

Ferreiro V, Depecker C, Laureyns J and Coulon G (2004) Structures and morphologies of cast and plastically strained polyamide 6 films as evidenced by confocal Raman microspectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, Polymer 45 6013-6026. 

Several modes of operation are available in state-of-the-art confocal Raman microspectroscopy, including the measurement of samples with a spatial resolution of less than 1 pm, depth profiling, and line mapping. LaPlant and Ben-Amotz have given a detailed description of the design and construction of a confocal Raman microspectrometer [34] and a number of instruments are available commercially. 

Szunerits S, Garrigue P, Bruneel J-L, Servant L, Sojic N (2003) Fabrication of a sub-micrometer electrode array electrochemical characterisation and mapping of an electroactive species by confocal raman microspectroscopy. Electroanal 15 548-555... 

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