Depth Profiling Using Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy

3 Depth Profiling Using Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy 

Confocal Raman microscopy was used for the investigation of variations in crossUnking with depth in thicknesses of up to 0.5 mm in UV-cured coatings. Variations of curing with depth in pigment formulations, in thicknesses of up to 30 im, were observed (62). 

Confocal Raman microprobe spectroscopy was used to characterise polyaniline/poly(V-vinyl carbazole), polypyrrole/poly(V-vinyl carbazole) and polypyrrole/ polyaniline films (or reverse order of each pair in the films). Two types of film were observed, depending on the conditions. Either the second polymer was incorporated into the initially coated layer or a doublelayer film with a well-defined interface was formed. Electrolysis of pyrrole and aniline monomer mixtures gave films rich in pyrrole when the pyrrole aniline molar ratios were greater than 0.12. However, polymerisation of V-vinyl carbazole and pyrrole monomer mixtures gave only polypyrrole over a wide range of molar ratios (121). 

Confocal Raman microspectroscopy was used to measure local compositions along a direction that was perpendicular to the original interface. Composition profiles generated by interdiffusion in the concentrated regime between polyphenylene oxide-polystyrene blend pairs were determined (128). 

Confocal Raman microspectroscopy was used to characterise the chemical composition of clearcoats in paint systems. Weathered and unweathered samples of isolated acrylic/melamine and acrylic/urethane clearcoats, polyester urethane clearcoats in weathered and unweathered samples of a complete paint system on plastic, and UV light cured acrylic clearcoats on polycarbonate substrates were studied (149). 

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S Hajatdoost, M Olsthoorn, J Yarwood. Depth profiling study of the effect of annealing temperature on polymer-polymer interfaces in laminates using confocal Raman microspectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc 51 1784-1790, 1997. 

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