Microbiological Culture

Other applications of filters include sterilization of venting or displacement air in tissue and microbiological culture (carbon filters and hydrophobic membrane filters) decontamination of air in mechanical ventilators (glass fibre filters) treatment of exhausted air ftom microbiological safety cabinets (HEPA filters) and the clarification and sterilization of medical gases (glass wool depth filters and hydrophobic membrane filters). 

MIC depends on the complex structure of corrosion products and passive films on metal surfaces as well as on the structure of the biofilm. Unfortunately, electrochemical methods have sometimes been used in complex electrolytes, such as microbiological culture media, where the characteristics and properties of passive films and MIC deposits are quite active and not fully understood. It must be kept in mind that microbial colonization of passive metals can drastically change their resistance to film breakdown by causing localized changes in the type, concentration, and thickness of anions, pH, oxygen gradients, and inhibitor levels at the metal surface during the course of a... 

Review available microbiologic cultures and sensitivity to assess whether the initial antimicrobial regimen needs to be tailored ... 

Evaluate microbiology culture data and other laboratory tests utilized for the diagnosis and treatment of bone infections. 

Microbiologic cultures should be obtained before anti-infective therapy is initiated. However, cultures take 6 to 48 hours and maybe negative (no growth of bacterial organisms). Negative cultures do not rule out infection. 

Initiate step-down therapy based on microbiologic cultures to prevent resistance and reduce toxicity and cost. 

Patient parameters (infection and microbiologic culture history)... 

Empiric antimicrobial therapy Antimicrobial therapy given prior to the availability of microbiologic culture results. 

China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC). 

See also Biotransformations Microbial oxidations Microbial reductions applications of, 76 396-399 biocatalyst selection in, 76 404-409 biocatalysts in, 76 409-414 for drug metabolite production, 76 398-399 further advances in, 76 414 in hydrolysis, 76 400-401 multiphase reactions in, 777 412-414 scale-up of, 76 414 systematic studies of, 76 398 technique overview for, 76 403-414 timing of substrate additions in, 76 411-412 uses for, 777 400-403 Microbial waxes, 26 203 Microbiocides, triorganotins as, 24 817 Microbiological culture media, agar in, 73 68... 

Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), a cobalt complex first isolated from liver but now produced commercially from microbiological culture, is needed to maintain normal synthesis of red blood cells in man and animals. Ruminants obtain cyanocobalamin from their symbiotic rumen flora while in other herbivores such as the... 

Regarding the components of bulk fermentation processes, the strain of the organism used to manufacture the drug substance for the clinical study should be compared with the strain to be used in commercial production. Strain identification includes microbiological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics. A comparison of the media composition and method of sterilization, sterilization parameters, and the pH of the medium after sterilization should be done. All fermentation stages, parameters, and conditions should be described in detail (i.e., temperature, pH) and documented. 

Figure 2-6. Shakers. Shakers of various sizes and speeds are used for mixing solutions, re-suspending precipitates, staining and de-staining gels and shaking microbiological cultures. Illustrated above are vortexers (left), shaking water baths (right) and see-saws (below).

Microbiologic culture studies are useful fc>r bacterial identification, especially when an ocular infection foils to respond to treatment. Cultures are often obtained from the eyelids, the conjimctiva, expressed material from the lacrimal sac, and the cornea. Because preserved ophthalmic anesthetics have a bacteriostatic effect, cultures should be obtained if possible before anesthetic instillation. In the case of corneal sampling, it is necessary to provide topical anesthesia for patient comfort. The anesthetic of choice is 0.5% proparacaine because it causes the least bacterial growth inhibition. To enhance the bacterial yield, sterile preservative-free anesthetic may be used. Samples obtained may be inoculated directly onto soUd media plates (e.g., blood agar). Amies without charcoal transport medium (e g., BBL CultureSwab Plus) appears to be an acceptable alternative to direct plating and has the added benefit of convenience. 

Tarrand JJ, Lichterfeld M, Warraich I, et al. Diagnosis of invasive septated mold infections. A correlation of microbiological culture and histologic or cytologic examination. Am J Clin Pathol. 2003 119 854-858. 

Every brain biopsy specimen should be handled in such a way that if inflammation is found at surgery, it will be possible to culture the tissue for bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi and to use special stains, immunostain-ing techniques, and electron microscopy. This author s experience has been that for organisms that grow in vitro, microbiologic culture is preferable to histochemi-cal stains, IHC, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay if sampling of the lesion is uniform. Prior antibiotic treatment or non-uniform sampling of focal infection affects individual cases. 

When combined with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and other antimicrobials for the therapy of duodenal ulcer and chronic active gastritis, roxithromycin showed excellent activity in eradicating H. pylori. Eradication rates of 80-100% as determined by urease test, histologic analysis, and microbiologic cultures were achieved in various randomized open clinical trials [174-176]. However, lower rates of cure (50-67%) were found in larger randomized comparative studies [177,178]. 

As the human population of the earth continues to grow and the resulting crisis in world food supplies becomes more critical, utilization of wood cellulose and cellulosic waste materials as sources of food for animals or even for human consumption may become imperative. Food processors already are experimenting with fermentation methods and treatments with cellulolytic enzymes as means to increase the nutritive value of wood and other refractory food materials or waste products. It is conceivable that cellulolytic enzymes produced in microbiological cultures could be ingested by man or other animals together with foods... 

Taylor, R.B. Richards, R.M.E. Xing, D.K.-I. Determination of antibacterial agents in microbiological cultures by high-performance liquid chromatography. Analyst, 1990,115, 797-799... 

N. crassa AS3.1602 (om ) was purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (Beijing, China) and was routinely maintained on potato dextrose agar slant (potato extract, 200 g/L dextrose, 20 g/L agar, 1.5-2.5%) at 4 °C. 

Microbiological culture media should be prepared according to written standard procedures and subjected to quality control. The preparation should be logged and the product batch numbered and expiry dated. Test records should refer to these batch numbers. 

Both positive and negative controls should be applied to verify the suitability of microbiological culture media The size of the inoculum used in positive controls should be appropriate to the sensitivity required. 

In order to prevent the unwanted drift of properties which might ensue from repeated subcultures or multiple generations, the production of biological medicinal products obtained by microbiological culture, cell culture or propagation in embryos and animals should be based on a system of master and working seed lots and/or cell banks. 

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