Electrolytes complex

A surgical implant is constantly bathed in extracellular tissue fluid. Basically water, this fluid contains electrolytes, complex compounds, oxygen and carbon dioxide. Electrolytes present in the largest amounts are sodium (Na ) and chloride (Cl ) ions. Most of the fluids existing in the body (such as blood, plasma and lymph) have a chloride content (and pH) somewhat similar to that of sea water (about 5 to 20g/l and pH about 8) . 

AV Kabanov, FC Szoka Jr, LW Seymour. In PF AV Kabanov, LW Seymour, eds. Interpoly-electrolyte Complexes for Gene Delivery Polymer Aspects of Transfection Activity. Chichester, UK Wiley, 1998, pp 197-218. 

E.V. Kudryashova, A.K. Gladilin, A.V. Vakurov, F. Heitz, A.V. Levashov, and V.V. Mozhaev, Enzyme-poly electrolyte complexes in water-ethanol mixtures negatively charged groups artificially introduced into alpha-chymotrypsin provide additional activation and stabilization effects. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 55, 267-277 (1997). 

Poly(ethylene)oxide-salt complexes have of late received considerable attention in view of their use as solid polymeric electrolytes. Complexes of PEO with LiBF4 [52], LiCF3S03 [52], modified with polydimethyl siloxane [53], LiC104 [54, 55], Li+, Na+, K+, Mg++ and Ba++, Nal [56], NaSCN [56], poly-(2-sulfonethyl methacrylate-Li) [57], poly(2,4-dicarboxyhexafluorobutyl-ethoxy methacrylate-Li salt) [57] have been thoroughly investigated. 

Kabanov, V.A., Zezin, A.B., Rogacheva, V.B. and Ryzhikov, S.V. (1982) Disproportionation of nonstoichiometric poly electrolyte complexes in water-salt solutions. Dokl. Akad. NaukSSSR, 267, 862-865. 

MTX MCC mPEG MA NFX PEO PCS PECs PLA PBLA PLG PPO PEG PCL PBLG PBS PGA Methotrexate Crystalline cellulose Monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol) Maleic acid Norfloxacin Polyethylene oxide) Photon correlation spectroscopy Poly(electrolyte complexes) Poly(L-lactic acid) Poly( 3-benzyl-L-aspartate) Poly (lactide- co -glycolide) Polypropylene oxide) Polyethylene glycol) Poly(e-caprolactone) Poly(y-benzyl-L-glutamate) Phosphate buffered saline Poly(glycolic acid)... 

The poly-electrolyte complexes of the copolymers can be divided into analogous categories. 

The membranes produced from polyelectrolyte complexes on the basis of weak polyelectrolytes, e.g. poly(carboxylic adds) (PAA and PMAA) and polyamines [poly(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), polyethylenepiperidine, polyethyl-enepyperasine, polyethylenimine] have been prepared140,141 and used in dialysis and ultrafiltration. Permeability coeffirients of membranes made from poly electrolyte complexes are much higher (4 and 20 times, resp.) in comparison with the cellulose-based membranes (Cuprophane, Film 1(M)). 

Smid et al. Polysiloxane-Based Polymer-Electrolyte Complexes... 

Polymer electrolyte complexes of PM MS or PAGS with LiC104 were made by solution casting from methanol or THF. In some cases, PEO with a number-average molecular weight (M ) of 4 X 10 was added to enhance the toughness of the films. The polymer-electrolyte mixtures were dried under vacuum at 60 °C for several days. 

Thermal and Conducting Properties of Polymer-LiC104 Mixtures. Plots of the conductivity, a, of homogeneous, transparent mixtures of LiCl04 PMMS-8 and PAGS-12 exhibit distinct maxima at ratios of ethylene oxide units to lithium (EO/Li of 20-25 (Figure 2). This behavior is typical for amorphous polymer electrolyte complexes (7, 8). An increase... 

Inter-Poly electrolyte Complexes of Poly electrolyte Stars... 

Benjamin PP (1969) A rapid and efficient method of preparing c-human serum albiunin its clinical applications. Int J Appl Radiat Isot 20 187-194 Benjamin PP, Rejali A, Friedell H (1970) Electrolytic complexation of " Tc at constant ciurent its application in nuclear medicine. J Nucl Med 11 147-154 Clarke MJ, Podbielski L (1987) Medical diagnostic imaging with complexes of " Tc. Coord Chem Rev 78 253-331... 

Fig- 33. Dependence of the reduced viscosity curve i), turbidity curve 2) of TMVEP-MAA and yield of poly electrolyte complexes (R, %) composed of TMVEP-MAA and PSS (or PD-MDDAC). Open circles correspond to titration of TMVEP-MAA by PSS. Closed circles correspond to titration of TMVEP-MAA by PDMDAAC... 

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