Potato extracts

Ohya, K., Matsumura, T., Itchoda, N., Ohashi, K., Onuma, M., and Sugimoto, C. (2005). Ability of orally administered IFN-alpha-containing transgenic potato extracts to inhibit Listeria monocyogenes infection. J. Interferon. Cytokine Res. 25(8) 429 66. 

GL Science, Japan). The mobile phase was acetonitrile/20 mM KH2PO4 (80 20, v/v). For the aglycon solanidine, the mixture consisted of acetonitrile/2.5 mM KH2PO4 (93 7, v/v). The flow rate was 1 mL/min at a column temperature of 20° C. The concentrations of a-chaconine and a-solanine in the potato extracts were calculated by comparison with the integrated peak areas of known amounts of the standards by a Hitachi chromato-integrator. 

The two potato glycoalkaloids in the potato extract were identified as follows (a) comparison of thin-layer chromatography of standards a-chaconine and a-solanine and of samples of each peak collected from the HPLC column containing the individual glycoalkaloids and (b) HCl hydrolysis of the HPLC samples into sugars and the aglycon solanidine. These were identified by GLC-MS (Kozukue et al., 1999, 2008 Kozukue and Friedman, 2003). 

Mass-Ion Fragments of Phenolic Acids in Potato Extracts... 

Figure 6.9 MS and MS/MS (negative ion mode) of peaks 1 and 2 (chlorogenic acid and its isomer), peak 3 (caffeic acid) and peak 4 (chlorogenic acid isomer) from isolated HPLC chromatograms of potato extracts.

Han, K. H., Hashimoto, N., Hashimoto, M., Noda, T., Shimada, K. L, Lee, C. H., Sekikawa, M., Fukushima, M. (2006). Red potato extract protects from D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 70,2285-2288. 

Reddivari, L., Vanamala, J., Chintharlapalli, S., Safe, S. H., Miller, J. C. Jr. (2007b). Anthocyanin fraction from potato extracts is cytotoxic to prostate cancer cells through activation of caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways. Carcinogenesis, 28, 2227-2235. 

Rodriguez-Saona, L. E., Wrolstad, R. E., Pereira, C. (1999). Glycoalkaloid content and anthocyanin stability to alkaline treatment of red-fleshed potato extracts. J. Food Scl, 64,445 50. 

Prepare a 500-ml filter flask to receive the potato extract by pouring 250 ml of F O into it and marking the position of the top of the fluid in the filtration reservoir with a felt-tipped pen. Pour out the F120. Suspend about 100 mg of phenylmercuric nitrate in a few milliliters of H20 and pour it into the filter flask. Phenylmercuric nitrate is added to inhibit other enzymes and to prevent bacterial growth during the incubation of potato phosphorylase with starch. 

A positive relationship between the expression levels of the ADPGlc PPase of Gig Cl 6, as measured by immunoblotting of the potato extracts, and the increase in starch content was demonstrated, particularly in tubers at lower ranges of starch content. Lower levels of the expressed ADPGlc PPase resulted in increases of 21 to 63% in starch, intermediate levels of the expressed ADPGlc PPase gave increases of 33 to 118% in starch, and... 

Immunoaffinity-based sample pretreatment (Ch. 1.4.2) was for instance applied in the analysis of carbofman at 40-pg/tnl level from water or at 2.5 ng/g from a potato extract [91], the analysis of catbendazim at 100-ppb level in soil extracts, and at 25-ppt levels in lake water samples [92], and for the ppt-level determination of various pesticides in sediments and natural waters [35]. 

The amino-type stationary phase was also used in more recent studies by Bushway 9 10. For the separation of a-chaconine and a-solanine in potato extracts, the mobile phase tetrahydro-furan - acetonitrile - water - methanol (50 25 15.5 9.5) was used, resulting in a considerably reduced analysis time when compared to the previously reported methods. For analysis of the alkaloids and their metabolites, the mobile phase ratio was changed to (55 30 10 5)(Fig.10.7). For separation of the lower glycosides from a-chaconine and a-solanine, a carbohydrate analysis column was used in combination with the mobile phase tetrahydrofuran - water - acetonitrile (55 8 37)(Fig.l0.8)10. 

Morris and Lee1 analyzed potato alkaloids on octyl and octadecyl-type stationary phases. Using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile - water that contained small amounts of etha-nolamine (less than 0.1%), detection at 200 nm was possible. The separation of a-chaconine and a-solanine could be achieved on an octadecyl column with acetonitrile - water - ethanol-amine (45 55 0.1)(Fig.10.9e) or on an octyl column with the same solvent in the ratio (55 45 0.l)(Fig,10.9f). The alkaloids could also be separated on silica gel with this mobile phase in the ratio (77.5 22.5 0.05)(Fig,10.9g). In the case when solanidine was present in the extracts, the silica gel column was preferred. Hydrolysates of the a-chaconine and a-solanine could also be analyzed with the octadecyl column (Fig.10.9a-d). The systems could also be used for the analysis of potato extracts (Fig,10.9e-g). For a total glycoalkaloid analysis, the normal-phase system gave the fastest results (Fig.10.9h). 

A fungus widely distributed in the soil, Trichoderma viride, produces an interesting compound with a coconut, peachy aroma in a non-agitated liquid medium containing potato extract and salts(52). After three to four days cultivation, the culture sporulates releasing the metabolite 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone. The maximum level reported, however, is 0.17 gram/L. 

Preparation of the aqueous potato extract 200 g. of peeled potatoes are cut into pieces and boiled for 45 minutes in 500 cc. of tap water. The mixture is filtered through gauze and taken up to the initial volume. 

Natural media are often based on corn steep liquor, malt extract or potato extract. Corn steep liquor is a by-product from the preparation of starch from maize and is particularly useful as a source of nitrogen. In the initial studies on the development of the penicillin fermentation the addition of corn steep liquor to the medium produced a significant increase in the antibiotic titre. 

N. crassa AS3.1602 (om ) was purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (Beijing, China) and was routinely maintained on potato dextrose agar slant (potato extract, 200 g/L dextrose, 20 g/L agar, 1.5-2.5%) at 4 °C. 

In 1976, two key intermediates in the biosynthesis of 12 were isolated from filtrates of Asp. chevalieri (Mangin) Thom and Church grown on potato extract medium (40,41). One is cyclo(L-alanyl-L-tryptophan) (CAT, 15), and the other is the 2-isoprenylated derivative (MICAT or preechinulin) (16). The latter was also obtained by using a partially purified enzyme which transfers the isoprene unit from 3-methyl-2-butenyl-1-phosphate to CAT (42). 

The maintenance of the ascorbic acid in its reduced form thus appears to be dependent on the maintenance of GSH. The results of these experiments support the view that the dehydroascorbic acid reductase which can be demonstrated in vitro in potato extracts is also operative in vivo. During the phase in which ascorbic acid was disappearing there was no evidence for any loss of activity of dehydroascorbic reductase the increase of DHA, as the fall in GSH and the rise in GSSG indicate, appeared to be associated with an impairment of the system responsible for the reduction of GSSG to GSH. 

Fig. 5A-C. Gas chromatograms obtained simultaneously by FID (A) and PND (B) for a potato extract spiked with C27-steroidal alkaloids, 5a-cholestane, sterols, and steroidal sapogenins. Attenuation FID 2, PND 2 . Post-analysis reprocessing of the raw data from A and B (subtraction of the FID trace from the PND trace) is shown in C. 1 Octacosane 2 5a-cholestane 3 solanthrene 4 cholesterol 5 solanidine 6 demissidine 7 solasodiene 8 stigmasterol 9 diosgenin 10 tigogenin 11 solasodine 12 tomatidine 13 tetratriacontane 14 jervine. Column fused silica, 50m x 0.22 mm i.d., CP Sil 5cb, film thickness 0.12um. Carrier gas H2, linear velocity 49cms" oven temperature 270°C (Van Gelder et al. 1988)...

Potassium zirconium carbonate. See Zirconium potassium carbonate Potassium zirconium fluoride Potassium zirconium hexafluoride. See Zirconium potassium hexafluoride Potassuril. See Potassium D-gluconate Potato alcohol. See Alcohol denatured Potato extract. See Potato (Solanum tuberosum) extract... 

Potato pulp extract. See Potato (Solanum tuberosum) extract Potato (Solanum tuberosum) extract CAS 90083-08-2 EINECS/ELINCS 290-202-7 Synonyms Potato extract Potato pulp extract Solanum tuberosum Definition Extract of the pulp of the potato, Solanum tuberosum Uses Smoothing agent in cosmetics Potato (Solanum tuberosum) starch CAS 9005-25-8 169105-05-9 977000-07-9 EINECS/ELINCS 232-679-6 Synonyms Solanum tuberosum Definition Natural substance obtained from potatoes, Solanum tuberosum, contg. amylose and amylopectin Empirical (CeHio05)n... 

Note YPG media (0.2% yeast extract, 1.0% peptone, and 2.0% glucose) MSM, molasses salt medium (0.2% yeast extract and molasses as carbon source) PDB, potato dextrose broth (20% potato extract and 2% dextrose) YM media (0.3% yeast extract, 0.3% malt extract, 0.5% polypeptone, and 1.0% glucose) AIF, alkali insoluble fraction DA, degree of acetylation DDA, degree of deacetylation DP, degree of polymerization M, molecular weight SmF, submerged fermentation SSF, solid-state fermentation. 

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