PRESERVATIVES AND STERILANTS

Whereas chemical preservatives may inhibit the growth of microorganisms without necessarily killing (e.g., they are bacteriostatic or fungistatic), use of sterilants, when properly administered, kills the entire (100%) target 

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Russell A.D., Hugo W.B. Ayliffe G.A.J, (ed.) (1998) Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization, 3rd edn. Oxford Blackwell Science. 

Preservation and Sterilization, 3rd edn. Oxford Blackwell Scientific Publications. 

Denyer S.R (1992) Filtotion sterilization. In Principles and Practice ofDisinfection, Preservation and Sterilization, 2nd ethi. (eds A.D. Russell, W.B. Hugo G.A.J. AylifFe), pp. 573-604. Oxford Blackwell Science. 

Sources Principles and Practices of Disinfection, Preservation, and Sterilization, S. S. Block, ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, St. Louis, 1982 Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation, S. S. Block, ed., 5th ed., Lippincott Williams Wilkins, New York, 2001, pp. 321... 

Block, S. S., ed., Sterilants, Disinfectants and Antiseptics, Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, New York, 2001. 

Add preservative and sterilize the serum by filtration prior to storage. 

The activity of EtO, similar to many other disinfectants, preservative, and sterilizing agents, such as formaldehyde, beta-propiolactone, methylbromide, and ethylenimine, depends on an alkylation reaction. This reaction occurs with some groups within the complex enzymes, proteins, and nucleic acids in the bacterial cell. These compounds can then no longer be effective or necessary to the vital processes of the microorganism cell. Furthermore, one would expect these effects to vary according to the extensions of reactions static, mutagenic, or toxic. 

Potassium metabisulfite is used in applications similar to those of sodium metabisulfite in pharmaceuticals and in the food, brewing, and wine making industries. It is used as an antioxidant, antimicrobial preservative and sterilizing agent. 

Gould, G. W. (1999) New and Emerging Technologies, Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization, pp. 767-776. Blackwell Science, Oxford. 

Fraise, A., Lambert,P. Maillard, J-Y. (2004) Russell,Hugo Sc Ayliffe s Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization, 4th edn. Blackwell Science,... 

Hugo, W. B. (1992) Disinfection mechanisms. In Principles andPractice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization... 

A D Russell, Factors influencing the efficacy of antinucrobial agents Russell, Hugo and Ayliffe s Principles and Practice of Disinfectum, Preservation and Sterilization, 4 edn, A P Praise, P A Lambert and J-Y Maillard (eds), Oxford, Blackwell Publishing, 2004. 

Should it become necessary, control of Bacillus sp. most likely will prove challenging. The bacterial endospore is nature s most resistant structure. It evolved as a survival method and is resistant to dessication, heat, chemical preservatives, and sterilants. For example, clostridial endospores are used as the basis for establishing time and temperature relationships in the thermal processing of foods. In this regard, Boulton, et al. (1995) reports that endospores of Bacillus sp. are resistant to 70°C (158°F) for 10 min and 95% ethanol for 20 min. They further note that the relative susceptibility to wine preservatives and sterilants is not known. 

For several years, research conducted at California State University Fresno has focused on the utilization of carbon monoxide as an alternative to sulfur dioxide and other preservatives and sterilants as well (Muller et al., 1996). Carbon monoxide shares several of its chemical attributes with sulfur dioxide. Carbon monoxide has an electron deficiency on the carbon atom similar to the electron deficiency on sulfur in SOg. Additionally, the carbon has a pair of electrons available which can attack any Lewis acid and/or electrophile. Thus, CO can act very much like SOg and, in addition, has the properties of a strong electrophile. Further, once a covalent bond has been formed between carbon monoxide and one of its target molecules, it is usually a carbon-carbon bond which by its nature is nonpolar and thus difficult to hydrolyze. By comparison, carbon-sulfur bonds are polar and thus easily hydrolyzable. Compared with SO2, no carbon monoxide can be freed by hydrolysis (in either strong acid or base) from its... 

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