Microbial Culture Collections

Table 2.1 Some major microbial culture collections. Most of the larger collections have online searchable catalogues and provide other important information on pathogenicity, cell culture and maintenance, as well as bibliographic information relating to individual strains...

There are a number of larger established microbial culture collections such as ... 

Microbial Culture Collection at the National Institute of Environmental Studies - NIES mcc.nies.go.jp... 

NRRL refers to the microbial culture collection of the Northern Regional Research Laboratory, Peoria, IL, USA the Y-numbers refers to the specific strains of yeast. 

Culture Collection of Pathogenic Fungi and Actinomycetes (Chiba University Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses). 

Microbial (non-medical) Culture Collections of the Russian Federation. 

Microbial Type Culture Collection Gene Bank (MTCC) (India). 

Unique Extremophilic Microorganisms, Collection of Unique Microbial Cultures, Russian Academy of Sciences (UNIQEM). 

World Data Centre for Microorganisms - Microbial Collections - WDCM Statistics The Culture Collections in the world. 

Microreactor technology, application in combinatorial chemistry, 7 401, 422 Micro RNAs (miRNA), 17 620-621 Micro-routing, in waste collection, 25 869 Microsampling methods, in infrared spectroscopy, 14 232-233 Microscale microbial cultures, shaken, 16 406... 

Lambda Bioremediation Systems, Inc., applies a variety of natural, site-specific acclimated microbes to bioremediate contaminated soil and groundwater in situ. Lambda draws from an extensive culture collection and a unique database of microbial information to formulate a blend of microbes suited for each specific site. This technology is currently commercially available... 

For the screening, 25 microbial cultures, obtained from the University of Mississippi Department of Pharmacognosy culture collection, were used. Microbial bioconversion studies of sarcophine (45) showed that it can be metabolized by several fungi species. Preparative-scale fermentation with Absidia glauca American-type culture collection (ATCC) 22752, Rhizopus arrhizus ATCC 11145, and R. stolonifer ATCC 24795 resulted in the isolation... 

Through the years, as large-scale microbial processes have been perfected, a number of industrial strains have been deposited in culture collections. When a new industrial process is patented, the applicant for the patent is required to deposit a strain capable of carrying out the process in a recognized culture collection. Although these culture collections can serve as ready sources of cultures, it should be understood that most industrial companies will be reluctant to deposit their best cultures. 

Microbial Procedures. A pure culture of T. ferrooxidans obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) was used in this study for the shake-flask experiments and the 2-inch slurry pipe-... 

Because the specific microorganism cultured is the most critical factor in any antibiotic process, strain identification, including morphologic, cultural, and biochemical characteristics should be performed. The source of the microbial isolate (e.g., soil, air, water), as well as any genetic engineering or mutation procedures should be documented. Microbial deposition should be reported (e.g., American Type Culture Collection or Type Culture Collection of the U.S. Department of Agriculture). 

As of 10 December 2008, 544 culture collections in 68 countries had been registered at WDCM (World Data Centre of Microorganisms http // wdcm.nig.ac.jp/hpcc.html) containing 1 413 100 microbial cultures. 

Traditionally, new biocatalysts were identified in labor-intensive screenings of microbial cultures. For this purpose, companies such as Novozymes amassed in-house collections with more than 25,000 classified fungal and bacterial cultures. However,... 

Microbial Sources. In many cases, screening for the microbial production of volatiles can be achieved by selecting pure cultures of microorganisms from public collections such as the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). The chances of obtaining an effective culture can often be improved by selecting organisms known to perform the desired types of reactions. 

One of the reactions catalyzed by esterases and lipases is the reversible hydrolysis of esters (Figure 1 reaction 2). These enzymes also catalyze transesterifications and the asymmetrization of meso -substrates (Section 13.2.3.1.1). Many esterases and lipases are commercially available, making them easy to use for screening desired biotransformations without the need for culture collections and/or fermentation capabilities. As more and more research has been conducted with these enzymes, a less empirical approach is being taken due to the different substrate profiles amassed for various enzymes. These profiles have been used to construct active site models for such enzymes as pig liver esterase (PLE) (EC 3.1.1.1) and the microbial lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) Pseudomonas cepacia lipase (PCL), formerly P.fluorescens lipase, Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), formerly C. cylindracea lipase, lipase SAM-2 from Pseudomonas sp., and Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) [108-116]. In addition, x-ray crystal structure information on PCL and CRL has been most helpful in predicting substrate activities and isomer preferences [117-119]. 

Blood cultures usually should be performed in the acutely ill febrile patient. Blood culture collection should coincide with sharp elevations in temperature, suggesting the possibility of microorganisms or microbial antigens in the bloodstream. Ideally, blood should be obtained from peripheral sites as two sets (one set consists of an aerobic bottle and one set an anaerobic bottle) from two different sites approximately 1 hour apart. In selected infections, bacteremia is qualitatively continuous (e.g., endocarditis), so cultures may be obtained at any time. ... 

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