Methyl alcohol methacrylate

The monomers used are second generation petrochemical products. The polymethacrylates are in fact copolymers based on methyl methacrylate and up to C20 molecular weight alcohol methacrylate. The properties of the additive are controlled based on the molecular ratio of these different monomers and their molecular weight. 

If you take an alcohol (a compound with an -OH signature) and react it with an organic acid (one with a -COOH signature), the product is an ester (the -COOR signature) and the process is called esterification. If the organic acid you use is acrylic acid, the ester is called an acrylate. And if the alcohol is, say, methyl alcohol, then the product is methyl acrylate, but not methacrylate. If you start out with methacrylic acid, then you get a methacrylate. And finally, if you use methyl alcohol and methacrylic acid, you get methyl methacrylate, which is a big star in petrochemicals. 

In fact, the copolymers of methacrylic acid with maleic anhydride (14) and the copolymers of vinyl alcohol with maleic anhydride (127) obtained respectively from optically active (l-methyl-benzyl)-methacrylate or (l-methyl-benzyl)-vinyl-ether and maleic anhydride, were optically active, but their rotatory power was rather small. 

Uses Methyl alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a slight alcoholic odor. It is used in the synthesis of formaldehyde, methylamine, ethylene glycol, methacrylates, and as an industrial solvent for a number of products (e.g., inks, resins, adhesives, dyes for straw hats). Methyl alcohol is an important ingredient commonly used to prepare grease and dirt remover. It also is used in the manufacture of photographic films, plastics, celluloid, textile soaps, wood stains, coated fabrics, paper coatings, artificial leather, and other industrial products. 

Methacrylic Acid Methyl Alcohol Methyl Ethyl Ketone Methyl Methacrylate... 

Its IUPAC name is 2-methylpropenoic acid and it is well known from its reaction with methyl alcohol to produce the ester, methyl methacrylate. 

The next most important demand for methyl alcohol is as a raw material in the synthesis of many important organic compounds, including formaldehyde acetic acid chloro-methanes, compounds in which the hydroxyl group and/or one or more hydrogen has been replaced by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and/or iodine methyl methacrylate, a compound from which acrylic plastics are made methylamines, the source of another important class of plastics, dimethyl terephthalate, the monomer for yet another class of plastics and other products. 

Figure K Structure of polyalkyl acrylates and methacrylates. Polymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization Initiated by exposing alkyl acrylate and methacrylate monomers to high doses ( 10 Mev) of ionizing radiation using a Van de Graff accelerator. Polymers were separated from unreacted monomer by precipitating in methyl alcohol and redissolving in chloroform. Purified polymers were dissolved in chloroform for use in coating glass beads columns and glass cover slips.

IROT Roth, P.J., Jochum, F.D., and Theato, P., UCST-type behavior of poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (POEGMA) in aliphatic alcohols Solvent, cosolvent, molecular weight, and end group dependences. Soft Matter, 1,2484,2011. 

Methacrylic acid)ethyltri-n-octyl phosphonium chloride, 66 Methyl alcohol, 218 p-Methylbenzylidene sorbitol, 125 4-Methyl-7-diethylaminocoumarin, 53 2-Methyl-2,5-dioxo-l-oxa-2-phospholane, 82 Methyl-di(trimethylsiloxy)silylpropyl methacrylate, 66... 

Like the first alcohol, methyl alcohol (methanol) CH3OH enjoys great industrial importance the annual world production is about 15 million metric tons. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of methacrylates, and enters into the formulation of gasoline. 

Hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile is then reacted with methanol (or other alcohol) to yield methacrylate ester. Free-radical polymerization is initiated by peroxide or azo catalysts and produce poly(methyl methacrylate) resins having the following formula ... 

Pentaerythritol is used in self-extinguishing, non dripping, flame-retardant compositions with a variety of polymers, including olefins, vinyl acetate and alcohols, methyl methacrylate, and urethanes. Phosphoms compounds are added to the formulation of these materials. When exposed to fire, a thick foam is produced, forming a fire-resistant barrier (see Elame retardants) (84—86). 

Difluoroethanol is prepared by the mercuric oxide cataly2ed hydrolysis of 2-bromo-l,l-difluoroethane with carboxyHc acid esters and alkaH metal hydroxides ia water (27). Its chemical reactions are similar to those of most alcohols. It can be oxidi2ed to difluoroacetic acid [381-73-7] (28) it forms alkoxides with alkaH and alkaline-earth metals (29) with alkoxides of other alcohols it forms mixed ethers such as 2,2-difluoroethyl methyl ether [461-57-4], bp 47°C, or 2,2-difluoroethyl ethyl ether [82907-09-3], bp 66°C (29). 2,2-Difluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether [32778-16-8], made from the alcohol and chlorodifluoromethane ia aqueous base, has been iavestigated as an inhalation anesthetic (30,31) as have several ethers made by addition of the alcohol to various fluoroalkenes (32,33). Methacrylate esters of the alcohol are useful as a sheathing material for polymers ia optical appHcations (34). The alcohol has also been reported to be useful as a working fluid ia heat pumps (35). The alcohol is available ia research quantities for ca 6/g (1992). 

Heteroatom functionalized terpene resins are also utilized in hot melt adhesive and ink appHcations. Diels-Alder reaction of terpenic dienes or trienes with acrylates, methacrylates, or other a, P-unsaturated esters of polyhydric alcohols has been shown to yield resins with superior pressure sensitive adhesive properties relative to petroleum and unmodified polyterpene resins (107). Limonene—phenol resins, produced by the BF etherate-catalyzed condensation of 1.4—2.0 moles of limonene with 1.0 mole of phenol have been shown to impart improved tack, elongation, and tensile strength to ethylene—vinyl acetate and ethylene—methyl acrylate-based hot melt adhesive systems (108). Terpene polyol ethers have been shown to be particularly effective tackifiers in pressure sensitive adhesive appHcations (109). 

Most large-scale industrial methacrylate processes are designed to produce methyl methacrylate or methacryhc acid. In some instances, simple alkyl alcohols, eg, ethanol, butanol, and isobutyl alcohol, maybe substituted for methanol to yield the higher alkyl methacrylates. In practice, these higher alkyl methacrylates are usually prepared from methacryhc acid by direct esterification or transesterification of methyl methacrylate with the desired alcohol. 

Transesterification of methyl methacrylate with the appropriate alcohol is often the preferred method of preparing higher alkyl and functional methacrylates. The reaction is driven to completion by the use of excess methyl methacrylate and by removal of the methyl methacrylate—methanol a2eotrope. A variety of catalysts have been used, including acids and bases and transition-metal compounds such as dialkjitin oxides (57), titanium(IV) alkoxides (58), and zirconium acetoacetate (59). The use of the transition-metal catalysts allows reaction under nearly neutral conditions and is therefore more tolerant of sensitive functionality in the ester alcohol moiety. In addition, transition-metal catalysts often exhibit higher selectivities than acidic catalysts, particularly with respect to by-product ether formation. 

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