Metabolism cells

A virus is a species containing DNA and RNA that can reproduce itself, but to do this, it needs to hijack the metabolism (cells) of a host organism, since it has no information itself with which to build cells. 

Fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) are an evolutionary conserved family of integral membrane proteins found at the plasma membrane and on internal membranes. FATPs facilitate the unidirectional uptake and/ or intracellular activation of unesterified long-chain and very long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) into a variety of lipid-metabolizing cells and tissues. 

Phosphorylation is the reversible process of introducing a phosphate group onto a protein. Phosphorylation occurs on the hydroxyamino acids serine and threonine or on tyrosine residues targeted by Ser/Thr kinases and tyrosine kinases respectively. Dephosphorylation is catalyzed by phosphatases. Phosphorylation is a key mechanism for rapid posttranslational modulation of protein function. It is widely exploited in cellular processes to control various aspects of cell signaling, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell survival, cell metabolism, cell motility, and gene transcription. 

Wullschleger S, Loewith R, Hall MN (2006) TOR Signaling in growth and metabolism. Cell 124 471-484... 

Mammaerts GP, Van Veldhoven PP Role of peroxisomes in mammalian metabolism. Cell Biochem Funct 1992 10 141. 

El Ahwany AMD (2008) Decolorization of Fast red by metabolizing cells of Oenococcus oeni ML34. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24 1521-1527... 

Keywords Intestinal drug absorption Intestinal metabolism Cell culture-based models Membrane-based models Ex vivo models... 

Diefenbach J, Burkle A (2005) Introduction to poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 62 721-730... 

Over the past decade, however, emphasis has been placed upon the molecular biology of curcinogenesis and it has been demonstrated that, in the first steps of carcinogen interaction, most carcinogens must be activated by the host cell s metabolism. Cell culture techniques have demonstrated that normal healthy cells can be transmuted into malignancies by certain chemicals. This in vitro work, however, has yet to transform human cells in the same way. 

Enzymes are organised into metabolic pathways which collectively constitute metabolism. Two types of metabolism are found in cells, catabolism (breakdown pathways) and anabolism (synthetic pathways). Linking these two types of metabolic reactions are the intermediary reactions of central metabolism. Cells, which contain many complex polymers, thus have the means to generate and convert monomeric materials into the complex biological structure. The sources of these materials are the simpler components from the cell s environment, such as inorganic salts and glucose (Fig. 5.9). 

What concentration of glucose would be in equilibrium with 1.0 mM glucose-6-phosphate, assuming that hexokinase is present and the concentration ratio of ATP to ADP is 5 Is it reasonable to expect an actively metabolizing cell to maintain the concentration of glucose necessary to sustain the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate at 1 mM ... 

Kahn, B. B., Alquier, T., Carling, D. and Hardie, D. G., 2005, AMP-activated protein kinase ancient energy gauge provides clues to modem understanding of metabolism, Cell Metab, 1, pp 15-25. 

Nonstatic cultures of animal cells are common with agitation and aeration performed as associated operations. These processes, allied to the fact that animal cells do not possess a cell wall, can result in cell damage if they are intense, provoking effects that alter cell metabolism, cell cycle, DNA synthesis, and protein expression, and induce cell death by apoptosis or necrosis. 

Klausner RD, Rouaoult TA, Harford JB (1993) Regulating the fate of mRNA the control of cellular iron metabolism. Cell 72 19-28... 

Primary target site may be fatty acid metabolism cell division in root and meristem... 

Glucose metabolism Cell cycle arrest Apoptosis DNA repair... 

Villarroya F, Giralt M, and Iglesias R (1999) Retinoids and adipose tissues metabolism, cell differentiation and gene expression. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 23,1-6. 

Protein kinases regnlate significant aspects of cell life, including metabolism, cell cycle progression, cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell movement, apoptosis and... 

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