Dietary isoflavones

PINO A M, VALLADARES L E, PALMA M A, MANCILLA A M, YANEZ M, ALBALA C (2000) Dietary isoflavones affect sex hormone-binding globulin levels in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 85 2797-800. 

KELLY G E, lOANNOU G E, REEDER A Y, NELSON 0 and WARING M A (1995) The Variable metabolic response to dietary isoflavones in humans. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 208, 40-43. 

PICHERIT C, CHANTERANNE B, BENNETAU-PELISSERO C, DAVICCO M-J, LEBECQUE P, BARLET J-P and COXAM V (2001b) Dose-dependent bone-sparing effects of dietary isoflavones in the ovariectomized rat Br J Nutr 85, 307-16. 

SETCHELL K D R and CASSIDY A (1999) Dietary isoflavones Biological effects and relevance to human health. J Nutr 129, 758S-67S. 

It has been shown that in postmenopausal women habitually high intakes of dietary isoflavones are associated with higher bone mineral density (BMD) values at both the spine and hip region (Mei et al, 2001). It is conceivable that an isoflavone-rich diet may help to reverse the state of secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with estrogen withdrawal and hence lower the rate of bone turnover in postmenopausal women, thus reducing the risk of osteoporosis (Valtuena et al, 2003). Phytoestrogens could be used as natural SERMs (Brzezinski and Debi, 1999) and some studies (Setchell, 2001 and refs therein) support such an idea since the molecular targets of... 

Solanky, K.S. et al., Application of biofluid IH nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomic techniques for the analysis of the biochemical effects of dietary isoflavones on human plasma profile. Anal. Biochem., 323, 197, 2003. 

There have been some concerns expressed regarding the possible health consequences in adulthood (endocrinological and reproductive outcomes) of early-life isoflavone exposure from soy-based infant formula. The daily exposure of infants to isoflavones in soy-based infant formulas is 6- to 11-fold higher on a body weight basis than the dose that has hormonal effects in adults consuming soy foods. " However, evidence from adult and infant populations indicates that dietary isoflavones in soy-based infant formulas do not adversely affect human growth, development, or reproduction. 

The most prevalent dietary isoflavones include genistein, daidzein, glyci-tein, biochanin A, and formononetin [Klejdus et al., 2007]. These compounds are primarily found in legumes where they occur as glucosides. This fact may affect the absorption rate of isoflavones and will be discussed in the next section. 

Dietary Isoflavones Cardiovascular Actions and Activation of Cellular Signaling Pathways... 

Nitric Oxide Synthesis as a Vascular Target for Dietary Isoflavones 252... 

NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHESIS AS A VASCULAR TARGET FOR DIETARY ISOFLAVONES... 

Ishii et al., 2000]. Since the expression of a wide array of protective antioxidant genes are positively regulated by the ARE sequence, Nrf2 may serve as a regulator of ARE-driven cellular defense systems against oxidative stress induced by dietary isoflavones [Mann et al., 2007 Siow et al., 2007]. 

Mann GE, Rowlands DJ, Li FY, de Winter P, Siow RC. 2007. Activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by dietary isoflavones Role of NO in Nrf2-mediated antioxidant gene expression. Cardiovasc Res 75 261-274. 

Rimbach G, Boesch-Saadatmandi C, Frank J, Fuchs D, Wenzel U, Daniel H, Hall W, Weinberg P. 2008. Dietary isoflavones in the prevention of cardiovascular disease—A molecular perspective. Food Chem Toxicol 46 1308-1319. 

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