Metabolic responses to hypoxia

Grieshaber M, Hardewig I, Kreutzer U, Pcirtner H-0 (1994) Physiologial and metabolic responses to hypoxia in invertebrates. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 125 43-147... 

The rate and extent of these changes are consistent with metabolic adaptations to hypoxia rather than impairment of uptake due the changes in root morphology. Thus Kronzucker et al. (1998a) argue that the initial up-regulation of NH4+ influx was a response to cytoplasmic acidosis involving decarboxylation of N... 

Taylor BE, Harris MB, Burk M, et al. Nitric oxide mediates metabolism as well as respiratory and cardiac responses to hypoxia in the snail lymnaea stagnalis. J Exp Zoolog A Comp Exp Biol2002> 295(l) 37-46. 

As a consequence of the general reduction in metabolic activity, a significant reduction in the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll a and b contents (with an increase in chlorophyll alb ratio), and in the efficiency of water use and intrinsic water use were reported [67]. Furthermore, the decreased leaf water potentials cause visible wilting, having as a consequence an increase in the ABA concentration in the shoots. Different crop species have specific responses to hypoxia. 

LaManna JC, Haxhiu MA, Kutina-Nelson KL, Pundik S, Erokwu B, et al. 1996. Decreased energy metabolism in brain stem during central respiratory depression in response to hypoxia. J Appl Physiol 81 1772-1777. 

McKee, K. L. and I. A. Mendelssohn. 1987. Root metabolism in black mangrove (Avicennia germinani L.) response to hypoxia. Environ. Exp. Bot. 27 147-150. 

In response to hypoxia, or low oxygen levels, cells try to restore homeostasis through regulation of cellular metabolism, erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, and balancing decisions between survival and cell death [1]. As part of adaptation to their local microenvironment, most solid tumors have bypassed the normal cellular controls that regulate these processes [2]. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-la transcription factor is a master regulator of the hypoxic response in... 

Vanhatalo et investigated the influence of dietary nitrate supplementation on muscle metabolism and oxidative function. P MRS showed muscle PCr, P and pH changed at a faster rate in hypoxic conditions with no dietary nitrate compared to hypoxia with nitrate or normoxia conditions. The limit of tolerance to exercise was similarly affected and there was also a longer recovery of PCr under hypoxic conditions with no nitrate supplementation. Davies et assessed the impact of exercise-induced muscle damage on muscle metabolic response to dynamic exercise. Incremental knee extensor exercise was performed inside the bore of a 1.5 T magnet before, and 48 h after, executing 100 squats with a load corresponding to 70% of body mass. 

Teppema LJ, van Dorp EL, Dahan A. Aterial [H+] and the ventilatory response to hypoxia in humans influence of acetazol-amide-induced metabolic acidosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010 298 (1) L89-95. 

While currently novel, the idea that cerebral as well as peripheral metabolism can be actively altered during hypoxia-ischemia appears to be well founded. The mechanisms by which reductions in metabolism are achieved are presently unknown but at least two vasoactive compounds important in the hemodynamic response to hypoxia (namely nitric oxide and adenosine) are also able to elicit metabolic alterations and are thus prime candidates for mediation of metabolic adaptations. 

Koos B, Chau A, Ogunyemi D. Adenosine mediates metabolic and cardiovascular responses to hypoxia in fetal sheep. J Physiol (Lond) 1995 488(3) 761-766. 

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