Medication information

Biology and Medicine. An alphabetical listing of biology and medicine databases (8) available as of 1992 follows Yidvanced Medical Information Japanese health and medical industry News and Information MgrarForschungsvorhaben, agricultural research projects GRJCOi, alternative... 

The World Wide Web has transformed the way in which we obtain and analyze published information on proteins. What only a few years ago would take days or weeks and require the use of expensive computer workstations can now be achieved in a few minutes or hours using personal computers, both PCs and Macintosh, connected to the internet. The Web contains hundreds of sites of Interest to molecular biologists, many of which are listed in Pedro s BioMolecular Research Tools (http // www.fmi.ch/biology/research tools.html). Many sites provide free access to databases that make it very easy to obtain information on structurally related proteins, the amino acid sequences of homologous proteins, relevant literature references, medical information and metabolic pathways. This development has opened up new opportunities for even non-specialists to view and manipulate a structure of interest or to carry out amino-acid sequence comparisons, and one can now rapidly obtain an overview of a particular area of molecular biology. We shall here describe some Web sites that are of interest from a structural point of view. Updated links to these sites can be found in the Introduction to Protein Structure Web site (http // WWW.ProteinStructure.com/). 

We have developed a system based on SNOW-MED to extract medical information from herbal texts. SNOW-MED is a semantic index that recognizes relationships between groups of words [26], For example, the semantic map for thrush is related to yeast, infection, and microbe. Although this system may eventually allow a potential pharmacological function to be extrapolated, we are currently using the system to simply extract disorders from the text. We have used the Mayo Vocabulary Server to perform this data mining [34, 35]. 

Nevertheless, multiple challenges persist. Reimbursement on a fee-for-service or contractual basis between institutions may not be feasible for the community hospital. Government reimbursement for telemedicine services may remain limited by interstate commerce restrictions and local practice requirements, and may depend on studies demonstrating that the costs of consultation are counterbalanced by avoiding unnecessary transfers. Additionally, privacy concerns must be properly addressed with secure, encrypted transfer of information and rules governing who may access the patient s medical information from a distance. 

Psychological Insight into illness Illness explanatory models Beliefs about treatment models Subjective responses to medication effects Lack of medical information Personal meaning of accepting psychiatric treatments... 

DC Slawson, AF Shaughnessy, JH Bennett. Becoming a medical information master feeling good about not knowing everything. J Fam Pract 38 505-513, 1994. 

Beers, M. H., ed. The Merck Manual of Medical Information, 2nd Home Edition. New York, NY Pocketbooks, 2003. 

Data from Hatcher RA, Trussel i Stewart F, et at. Contraceptive Technology, 8th ed. New York Ardent Media, 2004 Dickey RP. Managing Contraceptive Pill Patients, 12th ed. Dallas, IX Essential Medical Information Systems, 2004. 

Murray, T.H., "Genetic Exceptionalism and Future Diaries Is genetic information different from other medical information " In Rothstein MA (ed), Genetic Secrets Protecting Privacy and Confidentiality in the Genetic Era. New Haven, CT Yale University Press (1997). 

In addition to the underlying mechanisms being shared, components must agree on the definition of problem domain terms—usually manifested as problem domain objects—on which they will jointly operate. Components in a medical information system, for example, must share a common definition of what exactly a Patient is and what constitutes an Outpatient Treatment. They must share this definition at least in terms of the interfaces of those objects. 

Experience from hundreds of organisations has shown that poor communication of medical information at transition points is responsible for as many as 50% of all medication errors in the hospital and up to 20% of adverse drug events (IHI MedReconcilliation 2008). In our different settings at a university and county hospitals, we had errors in 40-85% of the elderly patients before starting a new practice. 

TEMIS (Trauma Emergency Medical Information System). 1997. Phosgene. 

Medline (Medical Information Online) is a data base containing approximately 7 million references to biomedical journal articles published since 1966. These articles, usually with an English abstract, are from over 3000 journals. Coverage of previous years (back to 1966) is provided by back files, searchable on-line, that total some 3.5 million references. 

Informed Consent. This must be obtained from study participants in writing before any study-related activities are performed. Regulations clearly describe the required elements of the consent document and the consent process to be followed. A good informed consent process can help ensure that potential subjects understand the nature of the studies they will enter, the type of treatments they will undergo, alternative therapies currently available, and any particular hazards they might experience. They must be informed that they can withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. Subjects are to be asked for their consent to release information from their medical records and told that the medical information may be inspected by sponsor company and regulatory agency representatives. They are to be informed that the results of the trials may be used publicly, but anonymously. 

First, FDA has been conducting continuing research into how much and what kind of information patienfs gef about their prescriptions from pharmacies and physicians offices. Dafa from fhe lasf four patient surveys that have been conducted since 1992 are on FDA s website at www.fda.gov/cder/ddmac/research.htm. FDA has also completed research on how men and women perceive benefits and risks in patient labeling as a fxmc-tion of how the information is commxmicated. FDA hopes to use these data to better communicate prescription medication information and is preparing papers for publication based on e data from this study. 

In general, informed consent requires the satisfaction of two conditions. First, trained medical personnel must tell the person to be treated what alternative treatments exist, the benefits and dangers associated with the proposed treatment, and the disadvantages of forgoing treatment. Second, once the person has received all the relevant medical information, he or she must freely and voluntarily decide whether or not to undergo the treatment." Coercion is anathema to informed consent, as emphasized by a US Department of Health and Human Services regulation defining informed consent ... 

List of Teratogenic Chemicals. Medical Information Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm. 

Modern review boards or independent ethics committees (lECs) are required to act on behalf of the community in deciding whether the proposed research is justified on ethical grounds. They also act on behalf of members of the community in ensuring that there are sufficient safeguards to protect those individuals who directly participate in the research, and, for both the study subjects and those not directly participating, that confidentiality of participant s medical information will be maintained. 

Within the medical department there may be two types of information support. There will be medical information scientists, who provide the external scientific service, now required by Article 13 of Directive 92/28/EEC (on advertising) of the Council of the European Communities. In addition, there may be those, sometimes called scientific advisers, who provide specialised information support to a product or therapy area within the company. Many medical information scientists are qualified pharmacists. 

Clearly, therefore, those involved in drug safety monitoring need to liase closely with both clinical research and medical information scientists. In addition, those responsible for clinical drug safety must undertake periodic safety update reports (PSURs) at predetermined intervals, in accordance with current International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Such routine analyses can identify new safety signals as soon as they become detectable. 

---