Hernia diaphragmatic

LRP2/ megalin Loss-of-function (familial, autosomal recessive) Donnai-Barrow syndrome (brain malformation, renal tubular deficiency, diaphragmatic hernia)... 

Fig. 6. (a) Section showing a normai rat diaphragm, (b) Section showing rat diaphragmatic hernia. 

Serum samples and autopsy specimens were examined from two infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia who had received life support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The serum levels of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate after 14 and 24 days of ECMO support were 26.8 and 33.5 mg/L respectively, and levels of 3.5, 1.0 and 0.4 mg/kg di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were found in liver, heart and testicular tissues, respectively, and trace quantities were found in the brain. The rate of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate extraction from the model PVC circuits was linear with time (rate, 3.5 and 4.1 mg/L per hour). The exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate for a 4-kg infant on ECMO support for 3-10 days was estimated to be 42-140 mg/kg (Shneider et al., 1989). 

The triazine herbicides, with the exception of cyanazine, did not produce developmental or reproductive effects at maximally tolerated doses. Cyanazine produced developmental effects in rats and rabbits at the highest doses tested. Effects noted at doses that were toxic to the mothers were cyclopia and diaphragmatic hernia in rabbits and an apparent increase in the incidence of skeletal variations (i.e., anomalies) in rats (USEPA, 1994). 

There are also several examples of natural surfactants and foams in the human body. The understanding of the pulmonary surfactant system, although discovered in 1929, has only been applied clinically since about 1990 for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. Surfactant replacement therapy may also be used in treating other forms of lung disease, such as meconium aspiration syndrome, neonatal pneumonia and congenital diaphragmatic hernia [881]. Lung surfactant, composed of phospholipids and proteins [882,883], is necessary to maintain a low surface tension at the alveolar air-liquid interface. When there is a deficiency of surfac-... 

Proton pump inhibitors Low threshold in the cases of previous gastric problems (e.g., ulcers, diaphragmatic hernias) and in the cases of microcytic anemia of unknown cause... 

Two neonates had transient (0.5-2 minutes) chest wall rigidity after intravenous boluses of fentanyl 2 and 4 pg/kg. They were already compromised, one with a respiratory distress syndrome and one with a diaphragmatic hernia. 

Cheung PY, Tyebkhan JM, Peliowski A, Ainsworth W, Robertson CM. Prolonged use of pancuronium bromide and sensorineural hearing loss in childhood survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr 1999 135(2 Pt l) 233-9. 

Gastrointestinal Diaphragmatic hernia Cholecystitis Osophageal spasm... 

Frostell, C. G., Lonnqvist, P. A., Sonesson, S. E., Gustafsson, L. E., Lohr, G., and Noack, G. (1993b). Near fatal pulmonary hypertension after surgical repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia Successful use of inhaled nitric oxide. Anaesthesia 48, 679-683. 

PPHN is associated with diverse cardiopulmonary disorders, including asphyxia, sepsis, meconium aspiration syndrome, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, respiratory distress syndrome, lung hypoplasia, and others, or can... 

In rat fetuses with a model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, oral administration of 30 mg/kg (based on maternal weight) of the compound tetrandrine to the pregnant mothers led to an improvement of morphological parameters (percentage of alveoli area, counting bronchus) in treated animals as compared to controls (Xu et al. 2009). 

Xu, C., W. Liu, Z. Chen, et al. 2009. Effect of prenatal tetrandrine administration on transforming growth factor-beta 1 level in the limg of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia rat model./. Pediatr. Surg. 44(8) 1611-1620. 

Thibeault DW, Sigalet DL. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia from the womb to childhood. Curr Probl Pediatr 1998 28 1-25. 

Ijsselstijn FI, Tibboel D, Hop WJC, Molenaar JC, de Jongste JC. Long-term pulmonary sequelae in children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997 155 174-180. 

There is a very high incidence of other associated anomalies with esophageal stenosis, such as a leftsided diaphragmatic hernia (Sharma and Menon... 

On abdominal X-ray studies, a gastric volvulus maybe suspected. In organoaxial volvulus, a subtle inferiorly displaced gastroesophageal junction may be seen. More typically in mesentericoaxial volvulus, the stomach appears spherical on supine films and a double air-fluid level can be seen in the upright position a superior one in the antrum, and an inferior one in the fundus. On chest radiograph, a ret-rocardiac gas-filled structure, consistent with a diaphragmatic hernia and/or an intrathoracic stomach maybe seen (Fig. 3.5). 

Fig. 3.5a,b. The chest radiograph shows in this 14-year-old girl retrocardial an air fluid level, consistent with a diaphragmatic hernia. (Courtesy of Dr. Carlo Buonomo, Boston, MA, USA)... 

Sharma SC, Menon P (2005) Congenital microgastria with esophageal stenosis and diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Surg Int 21 292-294... 

The diagnosis of left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the newborn is revealed on a chest X-ray, as it contains air-filled bowels. The right-sided... 

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