Abuse tests

Rechargeable alkaline manganese cells made according to BTI s RAM technology meet the requirements of the electrical abuse tests as described in the IEC 86-1 International Standard [41],... 

The safety of the ZEBRA battery has been proven extensively by abuse testing overheating, overcharging, short-circuiting of battery terminals and of cell groups, crash tests on the battery itself by dropping it at 50 km h 1 onto a pole or spike, and crash tests of cars with built-in ZEBRA batteries at 50 kmh-1 [10]. The results of abuse testing prove the ZEBRA battery to be a safe battery system. 

Fig. 1. An overview of the DCLD tier/triage flow chart Boxes 1, 2, and 3 are taken from the Office of Device Evaluation decision tree, which is routinely used to determine whether a product can be reviewed as a 510(k) and found substantially equivalent to a predicate (currently marked) device or whether the product must be handled as a fundamentally new product and submitted to a PMA review. Box 4 determines the novelty of the product in terms of analyte, matrix, and/or technology. If new issues of safety and effectiveness are raised, a highly novel product might require review as a PMA. If the issues of safety and effectiveness are not new but require high-level scrutiny, then a tier III review is warranted. Examples of products requiring a tier III review would include 1. Analyte troponin for diagnosis of MI (with creatinine kinase as the predicate) 2. Matrix sweat patches for drugs of abuse (with urine drugs of abuse tests as the predicate) and 3. Technology nucleic acid...

According to mathematic modeling and abuse tests, the normal operation for most lithium or lithium ion cells that use nonaqueous electrolytes should not induce sufficient heat to raise the cell temperature... 

Eichhorst JC, Etter ML, Rousseaux N, Lehotay DC (2009) Drugs of abuse testing by tandem mass spectrometry a rapid, simple method to replace immunoassays. Clin Biochem 42(15) 1531—1542. doi S0009-9120(09)00322-l [pii] 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.07.019... 

Technical and Legal Aspects of Drugs of Abuse Testing in Hair.5... 

Technical and Legal Aspects oe Drugs OF Abuse Testing in Hair... 

TECHNICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF DRUGS OF ABUSE TESTING IN HAIR... 

Percentage of workers failing random substance abuse tests X ... 

Figure 1.32 [J8F]N-methylspiroperidol images in a normal control and in a cocaine abuser tested 1 month and 4 months after last cocaine use. The images correspond to the four sequential planes where the basal ganglia are located. The color scale has been normalized to the injected dose. See color plate 1.32.

College of American Pathologistsiwww.cap.org (e.g., drugs of abuse testing program). 

Kranzler HR, Stone J, McLaughlin L. Evaluation of a point-of-care testing product for drugs of abuse testing site is a key variable. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 1995 40 55-62. 

Kwong, TC, Chamberlain RT, Frederick DL, Kapur B, Sunshine I. Critical issues in urinalysis of abused substances Report of the substance-abuse testing committee. Clin Chem 1988 34 605-32. 

Lafolie P, Beck O, Lin Z, Albertoni F, Boreus L. Urine and plasma pharmacokinetics of codeine in healthy volunteers implications for drugs-of-abuse testing. J Anal Toxicol 1996 20 541-6. 

Taylor EH, Oertli EH, Wolfgang JW, MueEer E. Accuracy of five on-site immunoassay drugs-of-abuse testing devices. J Anal Toxicol 1999 23 119-24. 

Yang JM, Lewandrowski KB. Urine drugs of abuse testing at the point-of-care clinical interpretation and programmatic considerations with specific reference to the Syva Rapid Test (SRT). Chn Chim Acta 2001 307 27-32. 

Abuse tests can also be run in the laboratory if time is available. In these experiments reagents are purposely overcharged and undercharged to determine processing fate should errors be made. Experiments may also be carried out to determine the fate of similar excursions in pH, temperature, and other parameters. With suitable in-process monitoring, many of these modifications can be carried out during one or two experiments. 

Complete any appropriate abuse tests (overcharge/undercharge, pH, and temperature excursions) determined after laboratory process description was issued. Order additional materials as contingency if called for by IPC. 

Yang JM Toxicology and drugs of abuse testing at ihe point of care. Clin Lab Med 21 363-374, 2001. 

The distinction between abuse tolerance and field-failure (internal shorts) is important for a number of reasons. It helps bring into focus the extent to which historic testing for safety is focused on abuse testing, even though the actual safety events that occur in the field are quite different. From a mechanistic perspective, the triggers are fundamentally different and the resulting responses... 

Roth EP (2008) Abuse testing of high power batteries. Presented at the DOE vehicle technologies peer review, Gaithersburg, MD... 

US Automotive Battery Consortium (2005) Freedomcar electrical tmergystraage system abuse test manual for electric and hybrid electric vehicle applications... 

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