Vitreous humor

Kristall-fabrik, /. glass works, -feuchtigkeit, /. crystalline humor (vitreous humor), -flache, /. crystal face. 

HA GIcNAc, GlcUA Nil No firm evidence Synovial fluid, vitreous humor, loose connective tissue... 

The posterior segment of the eye contains vitreous humor (a clear jelly-like substance), the retina, the retinal vasculature, and the optic nerve head. The retina transforms light energy... 

Hyaluronic acid (from vitreous humor, umbilical cord, synovial fluid, ovarian tumor, Group A hemolytic streptococcus and skin)... 

PEGylated Macugen PEGylation increases the molecular weight of this aptamer from about 10 kDa to some 50 kDa, thereby increasing its half-life in the vitreous humor 14... 

Biosamples, taken from living people (mainly blood and urine) and from corpses during autopsy (blood, urine, vitreous humor, bile, and almost any tissue and organ), are analyzed for substances that are toxicologically relevant. Alternative matrices like hair and saliva are also considered for determination of illicit chugs. 

Blood, vitreous humor, urine Ethanol ADH enzymatic Spectrophotometric Head-space GC... 

Among the methods used, the determination of selected of analytes in vitreous humor (and of potassium in particular, based on the observation that its concentration progressively increases in this substrate after death) has been often adopted in the attempt to reduce imprecision of the estimate. Recently, for example, Munoz et al. [142] have developed an HPLC method for the determination of hypoxanthine, another substance whose concentration has been found to increase after death in vitreous humor. Separation was carried out under RP conditions using a mobile phase of KH2PO4 0.05M (pH 3) containing 1% (v/v) methanol at a flow rate of 1.5mL/min. UV spectra were recorded in the range 200-400 nm. Based on the analysis of samples collected at different PMIs, the authors found that about 53% of the variation in the data is explained by PMI. 

Fomivirsen is injected directly into the vitreous humor of the eye. Animal studies have shown that this drug accumulates in the retina and iris over 3 to 5 days and is cleared from the vitreous humor within 7 to 10 days. Fomivirsen exhibits minimal systemic absorption and is degraded locally by cellular exonucleases. 

Because of its poor oral bioavailability, foscamet is administered intravenously. Following intravenous infusion, 14 to 17% of foscamet is bound to plasma proteins. The concentration of this compound in the vitreous humor is approximately the same as its plasma level. Foscamet accumulates in bone this property may account for its bimodal initial half-Ufe of 4 to 8 hours... 

Drug concentrations in pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, synovial fluid, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor approach two-thirds of the serum concentration when local inflammation is present. Meningeal and am-niotic fluid penetration, with or without local inflammation, is uniformly poor. Measurement of serum, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid drug levels has not been used clinically. 

Vitreous humor Fluid inside the eyeball useful for forensic studies because it is not readily contaminated, and the concentration of drug is relatively stable. 

L-arabinose, have also been reported to be in direct linkage with a protein. L-Arabinose may also be linked to L-serine and L-threonine in a hyaluronic acid-polypeptide complex from ox vitreous-humor.750 D-Mannose is reported to be glycosidically linked in a glucoamylase [(l->4)-a-D-glucan glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.3] from Aspergillus... 

Pharmacokinetics No information on human pharmacokinetics is available. In the rabbit model, half-life in the vitreous humor was 62 hours and 79 hours in the retina, while the retinal half-life in monkeys was 78 hours. Systemic exposure to fomivirsen following single or repeated intravitreal injection in monkeys was not quantifiable. 

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