Liquid chromatographic separation

Equation (1) merely states that the general distribution law applies to the system and that the adsorption isotherm is linear. At the concentrations normally employed in liquid chromatographic separations this will be true. 

Adachi, T. and Nakatsukasa, M., High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of betalains and their distrihution in Portulaca grandiflora and related species, Ztschr. Pflanzenphysiol., 109, 155, 1983. 

Hyvarinen, K. and Hynninen, P.H., Liquid chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric identification of chlorophyll b allomers, J. Ghromatogr. A, 837, 107, 1999. 

Lancaster, RE. and Lawrence, J.F., High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of carminic acid, and P-bixin, and a- and 13-norbixin, and the determination of carminic acid in foods, J. Chromatogr. A, 732, 394, 1996. 

Recently a new method was developed for the complete liquid chromatographic separation and diode array detection of standard mixtures of the 14 most frequently used synthetic colorants. Protocols for RP-HPLC - " and IP-HPLC techniques have been extensively described and the techniques were compared with micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, - which has been shown to be suitable for the analysis of synthetic colorants. 

The strong selectivity of A A -dialkyl A-benzoylthiourea toward platinum metals has been favorably exploited to determine noble metals (Rh, Pd, Pt, and Au) in samples of ore and rocks by graphite fnmace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) and UV detection after liquid chromatographic separation on silica HPTLC plates [23]. The results are presented in Table 14.3. 

Wise SA, Chesisr SN, Hertz HS, Hilpert LR, and May WE (1977) A chemically bonded amino-silane stationary phase for the high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of polynuclear aromatic compounds. Anal Chem 49 2306-2310. 

Fig. 5.6 Liquid chromatographic separation of spiramycin I from the impurity neospiramycin I produced by acid-hydrolysis.

Monde, T., Kamiusuki, T., Kuroda, T., Mikumo, K., Ohkawa, T., and Fukube, H., High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of phenols on a fluorocarbon-bonded silica gel column, /. Chromatogr. A, 722, 273, 1996. 

Yang, W.-H., Chen, I-L., and Wu, D.-H., Chemically bonded phenylsilicone stationary phases for the liquid chromatographic separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cyclosiloxanes, /. Chromatogr. A, 722, 97, 1996. 

Funasaki, N., Hada, S., and Neya, S., Conformational effects in reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation of diastereomers of cyclic dipeptides, Anal. Chem., 65, 1861, 1993. 

Mohammad, J, Jaderlund, B., and Lindblom, K., New polymer-based prepacked column for the reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation of peptides over the pH range 2-12, J. Chromatogr. A, 852, 255, 1999. 

Coupled on-line techniques (GC-MS, LC-MS, MS/ MS, etc.) provide for indirect mixture analysis, while many of the newer desorption/ionisation methods are well suited for direct analysis of mixtures. DI techniques, applied either directly or with prior liquid chromatographic separations, provide molecular weight information up to 5000 Da, but little or no additional structural information. Higher molecular weight (or more labile) additives can be detected more readily in the isolated extract, since desorption/ionisation techniques (e.g. FD and FAB) can be used with the extract but not with the compounded polymer. Major increases in sensitivity will be needed to support imaging experiments with DI in which the spatial distribution of ions in the x — y plane are followed with resolutions of a few tens of microns, and the total ion current obtained is a few hundreds of ions. 

Principles and Characteristics The use of a liquid chromatographic separation as a means of preparing samples for subsequent analysis by another chromatographic separation is well established. The goal of such cleanup separations is to reduce the complexity of the... 

Two-dimensional liquid-chromatographic separations are also of great potential interest in polymer analysis. After separating macromolecules, according to only one type of heterogeneity, by one experiment, there is no chance to get a correlation between different... 

Wise, S. A. and Sander, L. C. 1985. Factors affecting the reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon isomers. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Commun. 8 248-255. 

Dixon, S.P., Pitfield, I.D., Perrett, D. (2006). Comprehensive multi-dimensional liquid chromatographic separation in biomedical and pharmaceutical analysis a review. Biomed. Chromatogr. 20, 508-529. 

Dolan, J.W., Snyder, L.R., Djordjevic, N.M., Hill, D.W., Waeghe, T.J. (1999). Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation of complex samples by optimizing temperature and gradient time I. Peak capacity limitations. J. Chromatogr. A 857, 1-20. 

Chloupek, R.C., Hancock, W.S., Marchylo, B.A., Kirkland, J.J., Boyes, B.E., Snyder, L.R. (1994). Temperature as a variable in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separations of peptide and protein samples, n. Selectivity effects observed in the separation of several peptide and protein mixtures. J. Chromatogr. A 686, 45-59. 

Ghrist, B.F., Stadalius, M.A., Snyder, L.R. (1987). Predicting bandwidth in the high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of large biomolecules. I. Size-exclusion studies and the role of solute stokes diameter versus particle pore diameter. J. Chromatogr. 387,1-19. 

Masurel, D., Wainer, I.W. (1989). Analytical and preparative high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of the enantiomers of isofamide, cyclophoshamide, and trofosfa-mide and their determination in plasma. J. Chromatogr 490, 133-143. 

Herrera MC and Luque de Castro MD. 2005. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from strawberries prior to liquid chromatographic separation and photodiode array ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr A 1100(1) 1 —7. 

Solid phase extraction (SPE) involves the separation of components of samples in solution through their selective interaction with and retention by a solid, particulate sorbent. SPE depends on differences in the affinities of the various components of the sample for the sorbent. The mechanisms of the interactions are virtually identical to the sorption processes that form the basis of liquid chromatographic separations (p. 80). The choice of solvent, the pH and ionic strength of aqueous solutions, and the chemical nature of the sorbent surface, especially its polarity, are all of importance in controlling the selectivity and efficiency of an extraction. 

Asperger A. et al., 2002. Trace determination of priority pesticide in water by means of high-speed online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using turbulent-flow chromatography columns for enrichment and a short monolithic column for fast liquid chromatographic separation. J Chromatogr A 960 109. 

Scott et al. [53] and McFadden et al. [54] first described this mechanical interface in 1974 and 1976. A diagram of a commercialized moving belt interface is shown in Fig. 19.11. The interface first consisted of a spool of wire, which was unrolled off one spool and onto another. As the wire was wound from spool to spool, the effluent from a liquid chromatographic separation was applied to the wire. As the wire was transported through... 

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