Robot mobile

A thematic network on climbing and walking robots including the support technologies for mobile robotic machines ... 

Mobile CA. These arc CA in which some (or all) lattice sites are free to move about the lattice. In effect, mobile CA are primitive models of mobile robots. Typically, their internal state space reflects some features of the local environment within which they are allowed to move and with which they are allowed to interact. An example of mobile CA used to model some aspects of military engagements is discussed in Chapter 12. 

Many sensors have to be integrated into such mobile robotic systems, with a major share of miniaturized, low-power microsystems. Self-guiding features are used in such robots, as well as autocharger docking system features. 

Hiransoog, C., Parkin, R.M. and Chung, P.W. (1997) Towards the pipeless process plant. Proceedings of the Workshop on Recent Advances in Mobile Robots, Leicester, UK, pp. 82-87. 

A. Elfes, Occupancy grids a stochastic spatial representation for active robot perception, in Autonomous Mobile Robots Perception, Mapping and Navigation, Vol. 1, S. S. Iyengar and A. Elfes, Editors, IEEE Computer Society Press, 1991, pp. 60-70. 

In 1998, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) researchers estimated that using the F2 Associates, Inc., laser ablation process would cost 9.92/ft for a mobile robotic unit, and 6.77/tf if a hand-held unit was used. This estimate was for the D D of paint 1 mil thick (D189031, p. vii). This compared favorably with conventional D D technologies. Details of this estimate are summarized in Table 1. 

Wilke, P, and Braunl, T. (2001), Flexible wireless communication network for mobile robot agents, Ind. Robot, 28(3), 220-233. 

Several methods may be used to deliver specimens to the laboratory, which is often in a location distant from the patient. These include courier service, pneumatic tube systems, electric track vehicles, and mobile robots. In some laboratories, phlebotomists may also bring specimens with them as they return to the laboratory. 

Mobile robots have been used successfully to transport laboratory specimens both within the laboratory and outside the central laboratoiy. Further studies are required to establish the usefulness of mobile robots for specimen transport, but it is already apparent that mobile robot transportation win have many of the same limitations as the human messenger (e.g., batched specimen pickup and time delay in notifying of necessity for pickup). In a busy laboratory setting, however, delivery of specimens to lab benches by a mobile robot can be more frequent than human pickup and has been shown to be cost effective. ... 

Different approaches have been developed to transport specimens within the laboratory, including mobile robots, conveyor belts, and robotic arms. 

Mobile robots and conveyor belts have been used in the laboratory as aids to transport specimens from one clinical lab-... 

In contrast with the limited ability to reconfigure conveyor belt systems and their limited ability to handle different sized specimen containers, mobile robots are easily adapted to carry various sizes and shapes of specimen containers,. and can be reprogrammed to travel to new (and distant) locations with changes in laboratory geometry. Limitations of mobile robots include their requirement of having to batch specimens, and their difficulty in interfacing mechanically with laboratory analyzers so that specimens are introduced directly from the mobile robot onto the analyzer. In many situations, laboratory personnel are still required to place specimens onto or remove specimens from the mobile robot at each stopping place. Mobile robots have been used to return conveyor belt specimen carrier racks to the central dispatch area and for transport of specimens within and outside the laboratory. In the latter application, mobile robots may be a useful alternative to pneumatic tube defiv-ery systems. 

Automatic specimen introduction requires the development of mechanical interfaces between each laboratory analyzer and devices such as conveyor belts, mobile robots, or robot arms. Enhancements to electronic interfaces for laboratory instruments are necessary to allow remote computer control of front-panel functions, notification of instrument status information, and coordination of the distribution of specimens between instruments. Most existing LIS interfaces with laboratory analyzers provide only the ability to download accession numbers and the tests requested on each specimen, and to upload the results generated by the analyzer. 

Felder RA. Automation of preanalytical processing and mobile robotics. In Kost GJ, ed. Handbook of clinical automation, robotics and optimization. New-York,... 

Howanitz PJ, Sunseri DA, Love LA, Lohr A. Adapting mobile robotic technology to intralaboratory specimen transport Arch Pathol Lab Med 1996 120 944-50. 

Stenzel, R. Steuerungsarchitokturen fiir autonome mobile Roboter. PhD thesis, RWTH Aachen University (2002)... 

As a result, the best solution to accessing CWM in large burial sites may be a combination of manual removal using trained technicians and, when the risk is unacceptable, removal by a suite of mobile robotic systems specially developed to perform specific high-hazard tasks as needed. 

H. Ishida and T. Moriizumi, Machine Olfaction for Mobile Robots, in Handbook of Machine Olfaction, Pearce T.C., Schiffman S.S., Nagle H.T., Gardner J.W. (eds), Wiley-VCH Weinheim, (2003). 

P.F.M. Verschure, T. Voegtlin and R.J. Douglas, Environmentally mediated synergy between perception and behaviour in mobile robots. Nature 425 (2003) 620-4. 

J.M. Blanchard and P.F.M. Verschure, Using a mobile robot to smdy locust collision avoidance responses, Intemational Journal of Neural Systems 9 (1999) 405-410. 

R.A. Russel, (1999). Odor detection by mobile robots, World Scientific Series in Robotics and Intelligent Systems, World Scientific, 22 (1999). 

The HelpMate, introduced in 1993, is a mobile robot for courier services in hospitals. It transports meals, pharmaceuticals, documents, and so on, along normal corridors on demand (see Figure 24). Clear and simple user interfaces, robust robot navigation, and the abihty to open doors or operate... 

Figure 24 Mobile Robot for Courier Services in Hospitals. (Source PYXIS)...

This mobile robot has been created to communicate with and entertain visitors in a museum (see Figure 28). It approaches the visitors tmd welcomes them to the museum. Speech output is accompanied by movement of the robot head. The robot gives guided tours in the museum. Moving its head up and down symbolizes the robot looking at the object it is currently taUdng about. Explanations are further accompanied by pictures or video sequences shown on the screen of the robot. 

Madden JD (2007) Mobile robots motor challenges and materials solutions. Science 318 1094... 

As Synchronous belt transmission ratio is accurate which can satisfy the requirement of detecting robot flexible mobility. Robot adopts synchronous belt transmission mode with one power output shaft on each side. Compared with all motor driven, it can reduce motor number and the flameproof joint number, optimize the stress distribution of flame-proof encloser, increase internal space improve the AMDR s mobility and safety greatly. Synchronous belt is closed in a confined space, avoiding friction sparks produced, improving the safety of the robot. 

Zhu Leilei Chen Jun. 2009. A Review of Wheeled Mobile Robots. Machine Tool Hydraulics 242-247. 

The environmental constraints on the system design stem from physical properties of the Orbital Processing Facility (OPF) at KSC, such as size constraints on the physical system components and the necessity of any mobile robotic components to deal with crowded work areas and for humans to be in the area. Example work area environmental constraints for the TI PS are ... 

EA2 The mobile robot must enter the facility through personnel access doors 1.1 meters (42") wide. The layout within the OPF allows a length of 2.5 meters (100") for the robot. There are some structural beams whose heights are as low as 1.75 meters (70"), but once under the orbiter the tile heights range from about 2.9 meters to 4 meters. The compact roll-in form of the mobile system must maneuver these spaces and also raise its inspection and injection equipment up to heights of 4 meters to reach individual tiles while still meeting a 1 millimeter accuracy requirement. 

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