Cell surface molecules

GPI-anchored proteins constitute a quite diverse family of cell-surface molecules that participate in such processes as nutrient uptake, cell adhesion, and membrane signaling events [3]. All GPI-linked proteins are destined for the cell surface via trafficking through the secretory pathway, where they acquire the... 

When liposomes are formed, they can be made to entrap certain compounds inside themselves, eg, drugs and isolated genes. There is interest in using liposomes to distribute drugs to certain tissues, and if components (eg, antibodies to certain cell surface molecules) could be incorporated into liposomes so that they would be targeted to specific tissues or tumors, the therapeutic impact would be considerable. DNA entrapped inside liposomes appears to be less sensitive to... 

Stacey, N.J., Roberts, K., Carpita, N.C., Wells, B. and McCann, M.C. (1995) Dynamic changes in cell surface molecules are very early events in the differentiation of mesophyll cells from Zinnia elegans into tracheary elements. The Plant Journal, in press. 

Janeway, C.A. and Golstein, P. (1993). Lymphocyte activation and effector functions. The role of cell surface molecules. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 5, 313-323. 

Ludwig A, Hundhausen C, Lambert MH, et al. Metalloproteinase inhibitors for the disintegrin-like metalloproteinases ADAM 10 and ADAM 17 that differentially block constitutive and phorbol ester-inducible shedding of cell surface molecules. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2005 8 161-171. 

Flanagan, J. G and Leder, P. (1990). The kit ligand a cell surface molecule altered in Steel mutant fibroblasts. Cell 63 185-194. 

Other cell-surface molecules important to the acquired immune system have been characterized at the molecular level, including beluga whale CD4 [26], bottlenose... 

The anti-CD20 cell-surface molecule was a candidate for NHL freafment, an incurable tumor. In 1991, NHL was considered a small market, with perhaps less than 200 million in anticipated sales per year. Because the expected market size was small, there was not a lot of competition from large pharmaceutical companies. In 1995, when IDEC had impressive clinical data showing safety and efficacy wifh Rifuxan, many large pharmaceutical... 

Abundant epidemiological data indicate that tumors that overexpress EGFR and/or HER-2 exhibit a worse outcome than tumors that do not overexpress these receptors. In addition, inhibition of these receptors with monoclonal antibodies has been shown to reverse transformation in preclinical models. Moreover, the measurable overexpression of EGFR and HER-2 in tumor diagnostic tissue and the lack of an obvious role for these tyrosine kinases in normal host tissues, all together, support the notion that these tumor cell surface molecules provide a therapeutic window that can be exploited in the treatment of carcinomas that overexpress EGFR and/or HER-2. 

Many aspects of the social behavior of cells are determined by the composition, arrangement, and interaction of cell-surface molecules. Therefore, changes in the composition and structure of plasma membranes appear to contribute to differences in such characteristics as cell adhesion, contact inhibition, and tumorogenicity of cells. Cell-surface glycoproteins, in particular, participate in a number of membrane-modulated phenomena, including responsiveness to hormones, agglutination by lectins, recognition by antibodies, or uptake of nutri-... 

Characterization and functionality of cell surface molecules on human mesenchymal stem cells Majumdar, M.K., Keane-Moore, M., Buyaner, D., Hardy, W.B., Moorman, M.A., McIntosh, K.R., Mosca, J.D. (2003). JBiomedSci, 10 (2) 228-241. 

Activated macrophages and microglia are likely cellular sources of IL-1 in the central nervous system. IL-la and p, both 17-kDa proteins, are the products of two distinct genes and produce many of the same effects that TNF has on glial cells. IL-1 upregulates cytokine production, includes cell surface molecules, activates nitric oxide, and stimulates proliferation. When used alone, IL-1 and TNFa both stimulate nitric oxide production in C6 cells. However, in human fetal astrocyte cultures, IL-1 is a better nitric oxide inducer when used in combination with IFNy. 

Mutin M, Dignat-George F, Sampol J. Immunologic phenotype of cultured endothelial cells Quantitative analysis of cell surface molecules. Tissue Antigens 1997 50 449-458. 

Motion analysis and particle tracking methods enable users to follow the movement over time of tagged particles, such as fluorescently labeled cell surface molecules, microtubules, nucleic acids, lipids, and other objects with subpixel resolution.287 These methods allow scientists to measure jc and y coordinates, velocity, mean displacement, mean vector length, and more. 

AAV2 and its helper viruses like HSV, AAY2 interacts with the cell surface via heparin sulfate, and AAV internalization is mediated by aV/ 5 integrin, which is also required by adenovirus for uptake. Serotypes other than AAV2 exhibit different tropisms and interact with different cell surface molecules. Some of the cell surface receptors have been identified for AAV3 (HSPG Rabinowitz et al.,... 

On the other hand, interference with CD40-ligand (L) appears to be quite promising. CD40L (or gp39) is a cell surface molecule present particularly on activated CD4(+) cells, interacts with the CD40 molecule expressed by B cells, and is important in the development of the... 

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