Market life cycle

Market life cycle for various economies is shown in Fig. Al. 

Equipment—client may not have the equipment required to manufacture a specific product. It may be that available capital and installation time are limited such that they simply can not design, acquire, install and test the process equipment to reach the desired capacity within the available budget and time. If a product is in the early stages of its life cycle, the capital required may be hard to justify. This could be based upon the low initial volume anticipated while developing the market or the need to take advantage of a time-sensitive business opportunity. Tolling can provide a means to safely produce introductoiy, short-term, or small volume products that would otherwise be uneconomic. 

The importance of time to market has recently been shown to be responsible for over 30% of the total profit to be made from a product during its life-cycle. However, it has been found that nearly 30% of product development programmes overran their planned times (Maylor, 1996 Nichols et al., 1993). The reduction in profit due to late delivery of the product to market is shown in Figure 5.1 for a sample of businesses surveyed. 

Simulations may also be used to inform understanding of market dynamics and life cycle management and to aid in understanding the ways in which reference pricing and parallel trading may influence the best sequence of drug... 

Packaging trends involve lower cost, more functionality, volume growth, shorter product life-cycles and increased value. Rigid plastic packaging now dominates markets which were previously the exclusive realms of materials such as glass and metal, despite the fact that some technical aspects of plastic are still inferior to those of such traditional materials, e.g. the failure of plastics to withstand high temperatures without deforming, or barrier properties of a standard comparable to that... 

The project will progress in stages, beginning with a waste audit carried out by an audit team. The audit team consists of a waste audit expert, a sector specialist, a financial expert, an economist/ marketing expert, and an expert in product life-cycle assessments. The audit team also supports the project in its different stages. 

The Nordic eco-label is the official eco-label for the Nordic countries [9]. It was founded in 1989 and the aim is to provide customers with a tool (the Nordic eco-label logo) to help them choose among the best, environmental performing products on the market. The criteria are developed by using a life-cycle perspective. The Nordic eco-label has in total 63 product groups. 

The product type can be commodity or specialty. Commodity products are considered with a defined standard quality, where price is the key buying criterion. The product life cycle for chemical commodities can be relatively long meaning that the products are in the market partly for decades. Examples for short life cycle commodities on the other hand are semiconductors that are also mainly sold over price, but are shortly out-dated due to technology advances. The number of products is medium and does not reach the complexity of specialty product portfolios, where often more than 1,000 products need to be handled by a company. The product customization is standardized with some variants with respect to product properties but not related to a specific customer. Product perishability is... 

How can product strategies in the market be integrated with complexity costs, product life cycle decisions and supply network design ... 

An EC study has found that cadmium pigments present no significant threat to human health or the environment, says the International Cadmium Association. In view of the positive life cycle assessment, EC Member States voted earlier this year that there should be no further restrictions on the marketing and use of cadmium pigments in plastics. INTERNATIONAL CADMIUM ASSOCIATION... 

This type of constructive impact of TSCA was viewed somewhat differently by Exxon Chemical Company s C.W. Umland. His review of nearly three years of premanufacturing notification cited evidence which suggests substantial disruption of new chemical development and introduction to the market. This disruption was traced to higher research and development costs at an economically vulnerable point in the life cycle of innovative products. A more appropriate balance between opportunity for economic viability and protection from unreasonable... 

Product performance as well as issues related to supply chain, marketing, etc., need to be addressed. It may also be necessary to evaluate not only the product but also the process in terms of environmental impact, life cycle assessment and/or sustainability, before it can be launched. 

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