Markers of oxidative stress

Roux KH, Taylor KA (2007) AIDS virus envelope spike structure. Curr Opin Struct Biol 17 244-252 Sacktor N, Haughey N, Cutler R, Tamara A, Turchan J, Pardo C, Vargas D, Nath A (2004) Novel markers of oxidative stress in actively progressive HIV dementia. J Neuroimmunol 157 176-184 Samson M, LaRosa G, Libert F, Paindavoine P, Detheux M, Vassart G, Parmentier M (1997) The second extraceUular loop of CCR5 is the major determinant of ligand specificity. J Biol Chem 272 24934-24941... 

HININGER I A, MEYER-WENGER A, MOSER U, WRIGHT A, SOUTHON S, THURNHAN D, CHOPRA M, VAN CEN BERG H, OLMEDILLA B, FAVIER A E and ROUSSEL A M (2001) No significant effects of lutein, lycopene or beta-carotene supplementation on biological markers of oxidative stress and LDL oxidisability in healthy adult subjects. J Am Coll Nutr. 20(3) 232-238. 

Several markers of oxidative stress have been identified in AMD retinas, including proteins modified by products of lipid peroxidation (Crabb et al., 2002 Gu et al., 2003 Hollyfield et al., 2003). Overall, there is growing body of evidence implicating oxidative stress in the development and progression of AMD (Anderson et al., 2002 Beatty et al., 2000 Seddon et al., 2004). 

Even in Alzheimer s disease (AD), the possible involvement of a weak excitotoxic process cannot be ruled out. Indeed, mitochondrial abnormalities (such as cytochrome oxidase alterations) [36, 37] and increased levels of markers of oxidative stress [38] have been reported in AD. This has been the rationale for testing the NMDA antagonist memantine in Alzheimer s dementia [39]. 

Dragsted LO, Pedersen A, Hermetter A, Basu S, Hansen M, Haren GR, Kail M, Breinholt V, Castenmiller JJM, Stagsted J, Jakobsen J, Skibsted L, Rasmussen SE, Loft S and Sandstrom B. 2004. The 6-a-day study effects of fruit and vegetables on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidative defense in healthy nonsmokers. Am J Clin Nutr 79(6) 1060-1072. 

As in the case of other cardiovascular diseases, the possibility of antioxidant treatment of diabetes mellitus has been studied in both animal models and diabetic patients. The treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with a-lipoic acid reduced superoxide production by aorta and superoxide and peroxynitrite formation by arterioles providing circulation to the region of the sciatic nerve, suppressed lipid peroxidation in serum, and improved lens glutathione level [131]. In contrast, hydroxyethyl starch desferrioxamine had no effect on the markers of oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Lipoic acid also suppressed hyperglycemia and mitochondrial superoxide generation in hearts of glucose-treated rats [132],... 

Cystic fibrosis is the most common lethal autosomal-recessive disease, in which oxidative stress takes place at the airway surface [274]. This disease is characterized by chronic infection and inflammation. Enhanced free radical formation in cystic fibrosis has been shown as early as 1989 [275] and was confirmed in many following studies (see references in Ref. [274]). Contemporary studies also confirm the importance of oxidative stress in the development of cystic fibrosis. Ciabattoni et al. [276] demonstrated the enhanced in vivo lipid peroxidation and platelet activation in this disease. These authors found that urinary excretion of the products of nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation PGF2 and TXB2 was significantly higher in cystic fibrotic patients than in control subjects. It is of importance that vitamin E supplementation resulted in the reduction of the levels of these products of peroxidation. Exhaled ethane, a noninvasive marker of oxidative stress, has also been shown to increase in cystic fibrosis patients [277]. 

Morphological and biochemical analyses of zebrafish embryos exposed to Ti02 NP show some unexpected effects. Exposed animals exhibited a significant reduction in size (Fig. 9a) and markers of oxidative stress, as revealed by the increase in the SA-p-... 

Caro, P., Gomez, J., Sanz, A., Portero-Otin, M., Pamplona, R., and Barja, G. (2007). Effect of graded corticosterone treatment on aging-related markers of oxidative stress in rat liver mitochondria. Biogerontology 8,1-11. 

Orioli, M., Aldini, G., Beretta, G., Mattei Facino, R., and Carini, M. (2005). LC-ESI-MS/MS determination of 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal Michael adducts with cysteine and histidine-containing peptides as early markers of oxidative stress inexcitable tissues. ]. Chromatogr. B Arnlyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 827,109-118. 

Widlansky, M.E., Duffy, S.J., Hamburg, N.M., Gokce, N., Warden, B.A., Wiseman, S., Keaney, J.F., Jr., Frei, B., and Vita, J.A., Effects of black tea consumption on plasma catechins and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease. Free Radical Biol Med, 38, 499, 2005. 

O Byrne, D.J., Devaraj, S., Grundy, S.M., and Jialal, I., Comparison of the antioxidant effects of Concord grape juice flavonoids alpha-tocopherol on markers of oxidative stress in healthy adults. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 76, 1367, 2002. 

Djuric Z, Chen G, Doerge DR, Heilbrun LK, Kucuk O. Effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on markers of oxidative stress in men and women. Cancer Lett. 172, 1-6, 2001. 

Kim HY, Kim OH, Sung MK. Effects of phenol-depleted and phenol-rich diets on blood markers of oxidative stress, and urinary excretion of quercetin and kaempferol in healthy volunteers. J Am Coll Nutr 2003 22(3) 217-223. 

Although the acute vasodilator effects, as shown in in vitro studies (see above), may participate in the antihypertensive effects, the reduced blood pressure persisted even 42-48 h after the last administration of quercetin, when the plasma quercetin concentration and its metabolites fell bellow 25% of the peak post-administration levels [43]. Furthermore, the antihypertensive effects of quercetin did not appear to be related to its antioxidant properties since quercetin did not lower the urinary isoprostane F20 excretion, a prostaglandin-like compound produced in a non enzymatic reaction of arachidonic acid in membrane lipids and superoxide, which is currently used as a reliable marker of oxidative stress. The mechanisms involved in the antihypertensive effects and protection from organ damage... 

In another clinical trial, researchers evaluated the effect of oral curcumin with piperine on the pain, and the markers of oxidative stress in patients with tropical pancreatitis (TP). Twenty patients with tropical pancreatitis were randomized to receive 500 mg of curcumin with 5 mg of piperine, or placebo, for 6 weeks, and the effects on the pattern of pain, and on red blood cell levels of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were assessed. There was a significant reduction in the erythrocyte MDA levels following curcumin therapy compared with placebo with a significant increase in GSH levels. There was no corresponding improvement in pain. 

Numerous in vitro studies have implicated ROS in neuronal death [Leonardi and Mytilineou, 1998], and different markers of oxidative stress are found in postmortem examination of brain tissues from patients with neurodegenerative disorders [Sayre et al., 2001], DNA oxidation, protein oxidation, and lipid peroxidation have been reported in brain regions containing neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques from Alzheimer s disease (AD) patients [Lovell and Markesbery, 2007 Polidori et al., 2007], Dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of brains of Parkinson s disease (PD) patients also exhibit hallmarks of oxidative stress [Giasson et al., 2002]. 

Buettner GR (1988) In the absence of catalytic metals ascorbate does not autoxidize at pH 7 ascorbate as a test for catalytic metals. J Biochem Biophys Methods 16 27-40 Buettner GR, Jurkiewicz BA (1995) Ascorbate radical a valuable marker of oxidative stress. In Favier AE, Cadet J, Kalyanaraman B, Fontecave M, Piere JL (eds) Analysis of free radicals in biological systems. Birkhauser, Basel, pp 145-164... 

Coudray C, Talla M, Martin S, Fatome M, Favier A (1995) FIPLC-electrochemical determination of salicylate hydroxylation products as an in vivo marker of oxidative stress. Anal Biochem 227 101-111... 

Facheris M., Beretta S., and Ferrarese C. (2004). Peripheral markers of oxidative stress and exci-totoxicity in neurodegenerative disorders Tools for diagnosis and therapy J. Alzheimer s Dis. 6 177-184. 

Several studies have explored SOD activity in peripheral tissues of patients with Parkinson s disease as potential markers of oxidative stress, and have yielded inconsistent results. Elevations of total (combined Cu,Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD) SOD activity and GSH peroxidase activity in serum of patients with Parkinson s disease have been reported. Furthermore, elevations of immunoreactive Mn-SOD in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson s disease but normal levels of Cu,Zn-SOD have been detected. Erythrocyte SOD activity, which is exclusively due to Cu,Zn-SOD, is unaltered in Parkinson s disease. Moreover, no differences in mean activities of total SOD, GSH peroxidase, GSH reductase, or catalase have been detected in either the lymphocytes, granulocytes, or cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson s disease. 

P7. Piccolo, G., Banfi, P., Azan, G., Rizzuto, R., Bisson, R., Sandona, D., and Bellomo, G., Biological markers of oxidative stress in mitochondrial myopathies with progressive external ophthalmoplegia. J. Neurol. Sci. 105, 57-60 (1991). 

F6. Feillet-Coudray, C., Tourtauchaux, R., Niculescu, M., Rock, E., Tauveron, I., Alexandre-Gouabau, M. C., Rayssiguier, Y., Jalenques, I., and Mazur, A., Plasma levels of 8-epiPGF2alpha, an in vivo marker of oxidative stress, are not affected by againg or Alzheimer s disease. Free Radio. Biol. Med. 27, 463-469 (1999). 

K14. Koroliczuk, A., Chibowski, D., Beltowski, J., and Wojcicka, G., Selected markers of oxidative stress in rats with active Heymann nephritis. Med. Sci. Monit. 7, 369—376 (2001). 

K15. Kostka, T., Drai, J., Berhouze, S. E., Lacour, J.-R., and Bonnefoy, M., Physical activity, aerobic capacity and selected markers of oxidative stress and the anti-oxidant defence system in healthy active elderly men. Clin. Physiol. 20, 185—190 (2000). 

P9. Petruzzelli, S., Tavanti, L. M., Pulera, N., Fornai, E., Puntoni, R., Celi, A., and Giuntini, C., Effects of nicotine replacement therapy on markers of oxidative stress in cigarette smokers enrolled in a smoking cessation program. Nicotine Tobacco Res. 2, 345-350 (2000). 

Cornelli U, Terranova R, Luca S, et al, Bioavailability and antioxidant activity of some food supplements in man and women using D-Roms test as a marker of oxidative stress. J Nutr 2001 131 3208-321 I. 

Nelson J, Berstein PS, Schmidt MC, et al. Dietary modification and moderate antioxidant supplementation differentially affect serum carotenoids, antioxidant levels and markers of oxidative stress in older humans. J Nutr 2003 31 17-3 123. 

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