Antioxidant Level

Antioxidant Level In October 2003 the former amount of the added antioxidant was resumed ( first level ). This continued for only 10 days, from October 4 to 14, and then the plant was shut down until December 5,2003. When the plant restarted, the antioxidant level was more than doubled ( second level ). In December 2004, it was more than doubled again ( third level ). There were no particular reasons for the last increase (third level) of the antioxidant, because all laboratory data showed that the second level was enough to make GeoDeck boards lifetime to satisfy the warranty time (20 years). However, the third level of the antioxidant was employed for a still better protection of GeoDeck boards and taking into account the warranty situation. 

TABLE 15.36 Distribution of GeoDeck board densities throughout 2003 

Density (g/cm ) Number of tested boards having density showed in the left column Percentage of hoards tested throughout 2003 by the rank of density 

Note One day in the weathering box regarding crumbling is equivalent (on a conservative estimation) to 1 week of summer conditions in Phoenix, AZ. Hence, 32 months in the weathering box is equivalent to 960 weeks or 18 years of summer conditions in Arizona. 

---

Antioxidant activity is not a linear function of concentration. As the antioxidant level increases, less and less improvement in oxidative stability is noted. Therefore, only enough antioxidant should be added to rubber adhesives, typically 1 to 2 phr. 

PRINCEN H M, VAN DUYVENVOORDE W, BUYTENHEK R, BLONK C, TIJBURG L B, LANGIUS J A, MEINDERS A E, PUL H (1998) No effect of consiunption of green and black tea on plasma lipid antioxidant level and on LDL oxidation in smokers, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 18, 833-41. 

Benbrook C M (2005), Elevating antioxidant levels in food through organic farming and food processing , The Organic Center for Education Promotion, 78 pp. 

Rosenthal, S., Jansky, S. (2008). Effect of production site and storage on antioxidant levels in specialty potato Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88,2087-2092. 

Unfortunately, there is no convenient marker that can be used to monitor radical or antioxidant levels in the body. Diabetics who are taking insulin to control blood sugar can monitor their blood sugar levels with a simple urine test, but there are no simple tests for antioxidants and therefore no way to know whether the body needs supplementation. 

Palan, P. andNaz, R. 1996. Changes in various antioxidant levels in human seminal plasma related to immunofertility. Arch. Androl. 36, 139-143. 

Homeostasis at the cellular and, especially, at the organismal level includes equilibrium between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactions of antioxidants maintaining appropriate levels of ROS and minimizing their unspecific reactions with vital biomolecules. Understanding this aspect of homeostasis is the reason for interest in antioxidant levels in the body and the antioxidant content of food and beverages. 

H8. Haycock, J. W., Ralston, D. R., Morris, B., Freedlander, E., and MacNeil, S., Oxidative damage to protein and alterations to antioxidant levels in human cutaneous thermal injury. Bums 23, 533-540 (1997). 

M6. Mantle, D., Siddique, S., Eddeb, F., and Mendelow, A. D., Comparison of protein carbonyl and antioxidant levels in brain tissue from intracerebral haemorrhage and control cases. Clin. Chim. Acta 312, 185-190 (2001). 

Nelson J, Berstein PS, Schmidt MC, et al. Dietary modification and moderate antioxidant supplementation differentially affect serum carotenoids, antioxidant levels and markers of oxidative stress in older humans. J Nutr 2003 31 17-3 123. 

Figure 2. The effect of the antioxidant level on the generation of volatile compounds. ( Ionomer Resin 1, Ionomer Resin 2)...

Turan, B., Hotomaroglu, O., Kilic, M., and Demirel-Yilmaz, E. 1999. Cardiac dysfunction induced by low and high diet antioxidant levels. Comparing selenium and vitamin E in rats. Regul. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 29 142-150. 

Immature and ripe fruits of Japanese hot and sweet peppers were analysed for total phenolic, flavonoid and capsaicinoid contents. The amount of phenolic compounds was higher in hot and ripe pepper fruits than in sweet and immature pepper fruits. Capsaicinoids, which were detected in hot peppers only, were highest in immature and ripe fruits. The data reveal that the total phe-nolics content is a good indicator of the antioxidant activity of pepper fruits and that the antioxidant levels in sweet peppers, especially in the ripe fruits, are higher than they are in hot peppers (Saga and Sato, 2003). 

The free radical hypothesis of UV-light-induced cutaneous pathology is supported by these studies - antioxidant levels decrease on irradiation, as would be expected with a free radical load, lipid peroxidation increases tremendously, and supplementation with a-tocopherol prevents this damage. Future studies are necessary to clarify the relationships between cutaneous antioxidants during... 

Gey KF (1995) Cardiovascular disease and vitamins. Concurrent correction of subopti-mal plasma antioxidant levels may, as important part of optimal nutrition, help to prevent early stages of cardiovascular disease and cancer, respectively. Biblio Nutritio etDieta 52, 75-91. 

Van de Casteele, M., Zaman, Z., Zeegers, M., Servaes, R., Fevery, J., Nevens, F. Blood antioxidant levels in patients with alcoholic liver disease correlate with the degree of liver impairment and are not specific to alcoholic liver injury itself Alim. Pharm. Then 2002 16 985-992... 

Perugini, C., Bagnati, M., Can, C., Bordone, R., Zoppis, E., PafFoni, P., Re, R., Albano, E., and Bellomo, G. (2000) Distribution of lipid-soluble antioxidants in lipoproteins from healthy subjects. I. Correlation with plasma antioxidant levels and composition of lipoproteins. Pharmacol Res 41, 55-65. 

---