Ethane exhalation

Ekstrom T, Stahl A, Sigvardsson K, et al. 1986. Lipid peroxidation in vivo monitored as ethane exhalation and malondialdehyde excretion in urine after oral administration of chloroform. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 58 289-296. 

Copper complexes also prevent lipid peroxidation in vivo. Treatment of benzo [a] pyrene-induced and paracetamol-dosed mice with Cu(II)(tyrosi-nate)2, Cu(II)2(aspirinate)4, or Cu(II)EDTA, which also has SOD-mimetic activity [700], markedly decreased paracetamol (acetaminophen)-induced lipid peroxidation, gave a 97% decrease in ethane exhalation, and produced a glutathione-sparing effect, whereas Cu-Zn SOD had no inhibitory effect [699]. 

Knight JA, Hopeer SM, Reid MC, Wong SHY and Sunderman FW Jr. (1986) Ethene (ethylene) and ethane exhalation in Ni(II)-treated rats, using cm improved rebreathing apparatus. Ann Clin Lab Sci 16 386 - 394. 

Letteron P, Duchatelle V, Berson A, Fromenty B, Fisch C, Degott C, Benhamou IP, Pessayre D (1993) Increased ethane exhalation, an in vivo index of lipid peroxidation, in alcohol abusers. Gut 34 409 14... 

In order to establish a reliable measurement procedure, healthy, non-smoking volunteers participated in test experiments to monitor ethane exhalation under controlled conditions. For this demonstration purpose, volunteers inhaled synthetic air, mixed with 1 ppm of C2H.6, for the duration of 5 min this procedure enriched the volunteer s organism with C2H6, before the recording of sequential exhalations commenced. 

Cystic fibrosis is the most common lethal autosomal-recessive disease, in which oxidative stress takes place at the airway surface [274]. This disease is characterized by chronic infection and inflammation. Enhanced free radical formation in cystic fibrosis has been shown as early as 1989 [275] and was confirmed in many following studies (see references in Ref. [274]). Contemporary studies also confirm the importance of oxidative stress in the development of cystic fibrosis. Ciabattoni et al. [276] demonstrated the enhanced in vivo lipid peroxidation and platelet activation in this disease. These authors found that urinary excretion of the products of nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation PGF2 and TXB2 was significantly higher in cystic fibrotic patients than in control subjects. It is of importance that vitamin E supplementation resulted in the reduction of the levels of these products of peroxidation. Exhaled ethane, a noninvasive marker of oxidative stress, has also been shown to increase in cystic fibrosis patients [277]. 

Gargas, M.L. Andersen, M.E. (1989) Determining kinetic constants of chlorinated ethane metabolism in the rat from rates of exhalation. Toxicol, appl. Pharmacol., 99, 344-35.3... 

Lawrence and Cohen (1984) found that ethane was not well absorbed by alumina. They described a method for concentrating ethane, ethylene and longer chain hydrocarbons contained in up to 50 ml of air. They used a closed system in which the air, exhaled by mice allowed to breathe hydrocarbon scrubbed air was filtered through sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide to trap ammonia and carb-ondioxide, and condensed on a cold finger immersed in solid CO2/... 

The exhalation of pentane arising from the catabolism of the products of peroxidation of co6 polyunsaturated fatty acids or ethane arising from co3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Intravenous infusion of a lipid mixmre rich in linoleic acid stresses antioxidant capacity and results in increased... 

One approach to determination of whole-body lipid peroxidation has been measurement of exhaled hydrocarbons by GLC, especially ethane. Hydrocarbon gases are, however, minor end-products of peroxidation and their formation depends on the decomposition of peroxide. Recent studies have demonstrated that isoprostane is a good biomarker of lipid peroxidation in the human body. Isoprostanes are specific products arising from the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acid residues in lipids and detection of them and their metabolites in urine is a useful assay of whole-body lipid peroxidation. Isoprostanes can be accurately and sensitively measured by mass spec-trometric techniques. 

Studies have shown that expired NO and CO can serve as biomarkers for OS, and ethane can serve as a marker of lipid peroxidation (Paredi et al., 2002). CO can be detected electrochemically, and it can also be measured by laser spectrophotometer and near-infrared CO analyzers. The levels of exhaled NO can be assessed by chemiluminescence. Ethane content can be detected using gas chromatography. 

Nickel toxicity induced by parenteral administration of water-soluble, inorganic nickel compounds to rats induces peroxidative degradation of membrane lipids, as evidenced by increased concentrations of thiobarbitu-ric acid chromogens in liver, kidney, lung, spleen, and thymus increased concentrations of conjugated dienes in hepatic microsomal lipids and increased exhalation of ethane and ethylene (Donskoy et al. 1986, Kasprzak etal. 1986, Knight etal. 1986,... 

A close correlation between clinical conditions with high peroxidative activity and the exhalation of ethane and pentane has been demonstrated [26]. There are still... 

In contrast to these problems, evidence of exposure to pesticides is often much more readily available by analysis of excreta, body fluids and expired air ( ). The power of modern analytical procedures, a topic to be addressed later in this Conference, is exemplified by the characterization of 115 organic compounds in samples of breath from 54 subjects ( ). Exhaled ethane and n-pentane in mice, rats and monkeys (45) has proved to be a useful index of lipid peroxidation, these gases being derived from 0)3-and u)6-fatty acid hydroperoxides (12, 13). Non-invasive measures of drug metabolizing capacity have been developed, using C-phenacetin or C-aminopyrine hepatic dysfunction can be assessed in an analogous manner (, 49). On the horizon is the... 

The short-chain hydrocarbons include alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. Ethane, ethene, pentane and pentene are sometimes present in exhaled air and these represent oxidation products of linolenate (C2 compounds) and linoleate (C5 compounds). 

Wyse C, Cathcart A, Sutherland R, War S, McMillan L, Gibson G, Padgett M, Skeldon K. 2005. Effect of maximal dynamic exercise on exhaled ethane and... 

An alternative method of assessing functional antioxidant status, again one that is affected by both vitamin E and other antioxidants, is by measuring the exhalation of pentane arising from the metabolism of the peroxides of 0)-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids or ethane from peroxides of co-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. 

During lipid peroxidation, n-3 fatty acids decompose to produce ethane, whereas -6 fatty acids produce pentane, which can be detected in exhaled breath. A higher breath pentane formation rate therefore indicates more peroxidation of 71-6 fatty acids. Breath pentane and plasma vitamin E levels were measured in 10 normal subjects, and in 5 patients receiving parenteral nutrition diets who wwe deficient in vitamin E. Half of die normal subjects then received 1000 lU of, , , -a-tocopheryl acetate for 10 days, and breath pentane and plasma vitamin E levels were re-measured. Data taken from Lemoyne et al. (1987). lU, international units of, , i -a-tocopherol equivalents. 

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