Air defence systems

Hence, RFA Argus, which was equipped with light air defence systems, was no longer deployed as a hospital ships but as a casualty receiving ship that also transported troops. The United Kingdom did not claim protected status for her. See Foxwell and JoUy 1991 Bouvier 1992. 

A sophisticated respiratory host defence system has evolved to clear airborne particles and potential pathogens in inspired air [106, 143], The system comprises mechanical (i.e. air filtration, cough, sneezing and mucociliary clearance), chemical (antioxidants, antiproteases and surfactant lipids) and immunological defence mechanisms and is tightly regulated to minimise inflammatory reactions [92, 143],... 

CAA (2003) CAP670 Air traffic services safety requirements. Civil Aviation Authority Cullen (1990) The public inquiry into the Piper Alpha disaster. HM Stationery Office, London Haddon-Cave C (2009) The Nimrod review. The Stationery Office, London lEC (2002) lEC 61508 Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems. Part 1. International Electrotechnical Commission Kuhn TS (1962) The structure of scientific revolutions. University of Chicago Press MoD (2007) Defence standard 00-56 Issue 4. Safety management requirements for defence systems part 1 requirements part 2 guidance on establishing a means of complying with part 1. Ministry of Defence... 

MSPO Int l Defense Industry Exhibition (Aviation and Air Defence, Marine and Armoured Equipment, Battlefield and Command Radio-Electronic and Opti-Electronic Equipment, Battlefield Communications Systems and Equipment)... 

We express our thanks to the students with whom we have worked on these subjects and whose results we have used, in particular Herve Borrion, Shirley Coetzee and Michele Vespe, and to the organisations, including the UK Ministry of Defence, the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, QinetiQ and its predecessors, BAE SYSTEMS, Thales Sensors and AMS, who have supported the various projects. We also thank Erik De Witte and Herve Borrion for their help in rendering this document into DTj X. 

In mid-1959 the Minister of Defence, Sandys, on the advice of his permanent secretary, Powell, established an independent British Nuclear Deterrent Smdy Group, with representatives of the three services, the Foreign Office and the Treasury, under Powell s chairmanship. The group compared Blue Streak with two American ballistic missiles, the submarine-launched Polaris and the air-launched Skybolt. Rising estimates for the costs of research and development and of underground silos hardened the Treasury s opposition to Blue Streak, and the Chiefs of Staff were in favour of a mobile system. Once President Eisenhower had indicated to Macmillan in March 1960 that Skybolt would be available on satisfactory terms, the Defence Committee took the decision to cancel Blue Streak as a weapons system. The vulnerable Thors were taken out of service by the end of 1963. 

J.R. Hancock, J.M. McAndless and R.P. Hicken, A solid adsorbent based system for the sampling and analysis of organic compounds in air an application to compounds of chemical defence interest, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 29, 40-45 (1991). 

The Swedish National Defence Research Institute (FOA), which from 1978 until 1983 was connected to the SSI, runs a system of high-volume aerosol samplers that normally detects very small amounts of radionuclides by high-resolution gamma spectrometry. The FOA also has access to army airplanes and helicopters to take air samples at different heights, to record measurements from the air, and to transport equipment and personnel to remote areas quickly to perform in situ measurements with portable germanium detectors. At the SSI, routine measurements of milk were run before the Chernobyl accident. Routine programs concerning environmental surveillance of nuclear power plants currently exist. 

However, the lungs are equipped with defence mechanisms especially with regard to the intake of foreign substances from the air. Thus, the upper airways of the respiratory system are lined with ciliated cells, and mucus is secreted which also lines the airways. Solid particles are therefore trapped by the mucus and cilia and are transported out of the respiratory system. Other substances may be removed after dissolving in the mucus and then being transported out by the ciliary escalator. 

The test fleet consisted of eight identically-equipped 1974 four-door Chevrolet Biscaynes operated by the Department of National Defence, Canada. These cars were equipped with 5.74 litre V-8 engines having air pumps to supply secondary air to the exhaust manifolds to reduce gaseous emissions. Four vehicles were equipped with new standard muffler and exhaust pipe systems and were used as control cars. The standard mufflers and exhaust pipes of the second group of four cars were replaced with lead trap systems. 

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