Maintenance of plant

The method is based on relating electricity price to both the capital related cost and the recurrent cost of production (fuel and maintenance of plant) ... 

Specific details on maintenance of plant are given later. However, in developing the station layout adequate thought must be given to cranage, storage areas and access for maintenance of heavy plant. 

The benefits to be accrued from the implementation of a program of planned maintenance can be found in the efficient and economical operation of the plant and equipment and the utilization of resources (i.e. plant and equipment and manpower) while also maintaining a sound standard of safe working and environmental conditions for operators, other occupants and employees within the workplace. Maintenance systems vary, depending on the location of the plant and equipment and/or company policy. Systems can range from the complete maintenance of plant and equipment using all available methods to their replacement on failure. To meet the company s requirements it is then necessary to decide on the maintenance system that provides the most satisfactory benefits overall. 

Recent surveys of maintenance management effectiveness indicate that one-third, 33 cents out of every dollar, of all maintenance costs is wasted as the result of unnecessary or improperly carried out maintenance. When you consider that US industry spends more than 200 billion dollars each year on maintenance of plant equipment and facilities, the impact on productivity and profit that is represented by the maintenance operation become clear. 

The dominant reason for this ineffective management is the lack of factual data that quantifies the actual need for repair or maintenance of plant machinery, equipment and systems. Maintenance scheduling has been, and in many instances, is predicated on statistical trend data or on the actual failure of plant equipment. 

Hant Indirect Expenses These expenses cover a wide range of items such as property taxes, personal and property liability insurance premiums, fire protection, plant safety and security, maintenance of plant roads, yards and docks, plant personnel staff, and cafeteria expenses (if one is available). A quick estimate of these ejq)enses based upon company records is on the order of 2 to 4 percent of the fixed capitm investment. Hackney presented a method for estimating these ej nses based upon a capital investment factor, and a labor factor, but the result is high. 

Carbohydrates constitute a major class of naturally occurring organic compounds, including sugars, starches, and celluloses. They are essential to the maintenance of plant and animal life. Carbohydrates are classified into three major groups monosaccharides, oligosaccharides,1 and polysaccharides. Monosacchandes are the simplest carbohydrate units. Oligosaccharides contain two or more of these simple mono sacchande units, and polysaccharides contain hundreds or thousands of them. 

There have been many attempts to reduce the migration of toxic metals from soils, and at the same time improve the appearance of derelict sites by the introduction of metal-tolerant ecotypes (Bradshaw et al., 1965 Gemmel, 1977 Bradshaw and Chadwick, 1980). Many such sites are poor in micronutrients and must first be treated with soil amendments such as lime and fertilisers. The maintenance of plant cover at such sites minimises soil erosion and reduces contamination from wind-blown dust. It has... 

Water is essential to the maintenance of plant and animal life. Discuss the properties of water that make it so. 

In addition to the supply of personal protective equipment and the maintenance of plant hygiene control systems, it is essential to ensure that ... 

Rocchini G., Proceedings of International Conference on Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance of Plants and Structures. Florence 1992 session 7 595. 

Plutonium-contaminated wastes, which mainly comprise paper, gloves, and contaminated, unserviceable equipment fix)m the maintenance of plants handling plutonium, can be treated in the following ways combustible waste—incineration and acid digestion and noncombustible waste— decontamination by electropolishing or ultrasonic washing. 

The maintenance of plant and machinery containing Ugilec is allowed if they were in service before 18 June 1994. 

The interim examination and maintenance cell is a shielded hot-cell complex that conducts nondestructive examinations of test assemblies and core components under controlled argon-atmosphere conditions. (Its location is shown in Fig. A.l). The hot cell can also be used to perform limited maintenance of plant equipment or to prepare plant equipment for transfer to other maintenance facilities. The cell contains equipment necessary for disassembly, reassembly, and requalification of test assemblies and components. Nondestructive examinations that can be performed include dimensional checks, weighing, gamma scanning, visual inspections, and photography. Sodium removal facilities are also included. 

Section 2(2)(a) the provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work that are, so far as is reasonably practicable, safe and without risks to health . 

A formal written system of operation and a reliable software control system where appropriate is essential for the maintenance of plant integrity. SOPs written with the design limitations of the plant in mind are an essential element in maintaining a secure containment system. Fully automatic operation with fail-safe interlocks (to prevent, for example, release of effluent before treatment is complete) can greatly assist in... 

Equipment suppliers should deliver detailed written instructions for maintenance of plant items and plant maintenance procedures. 

Alarm management system plays key role toward the maintenance of plant safety. ANSI/ISA-18.2 standard Management of Alarm Systems for the Process Industries" (ISA-18.2) could be considered as a foundation for successful design, implementation, operation, and maintenance of alarm systems in a process plant. Operator s response to an alarm is considered as IPL in LOPA. This is important link of ISA with LOPA as the performance of critical alarms can impact the design of the SIS also. If its performance is poor, then result from LOPA could deteriorate. 

Effective ageing management of the RPVIs and a possible plant life extension requires prudent operation and maintenance of plant systems that influence RPVI operational conditions (not only the primary system but also the auxiliary systems like water purification and injection systems) and record keeping of operational data. In some cases, operational parameters may need to be revised based on operating experienced. 

A system for inspecting workplace precautions is essential in any proactive monitoring programme. On many occasions it can form part of an organisation s arrangements for the planned preventive maintenance of plant (e.g. electrical maintenance and testing) and equipment (e.g. flashback arresters for oxy/fuel systems) which are also covered by legal requirements. 

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