Lymph node accumulation

Postmortem findings include hemorrhage of the skin, kidneys, heart, serous membranes, gastrohepatic, and renal lymph nodes accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, thorax, and abdominal cavity. 

Enlarged tonsils, spleen, liver and lymph nodes accumulation of lipids in reticulo-endothelial tissues... 

Radiation is an important modality in the treatment of symptomatic metastatic disease. The most common indication for treatment with radiation therapy is painful bone metastases or other localized sites of disease refractory to systemic therapy. Radiation therapy gives significant pain relief to approximately 90% of patients who are treated for painful bone metastases. Radiation is also an important modality in the palliative treatment of metastatic brain lesions and spinal cord lesions, which respond poorly to systemic therapy, as well as eye or orbit lesions and other sites where significant accumulation of tumor cells occurs. Skin and/or lymph node metastases confined to the chest wall area also may be treated with radiation therapy for palliation (e.g., open wounds or painful lesions). 

The half-life of liposomes administered in the blood stream is affected by the composition, size, charge, and fluidity. Liposomes with a small size or with a rigid lipid bilayer have a longer half-life (38 9). Large liposomes administered iv tend to accumulate at a lymph node near the injected site. This tendency can be useful for preventing metastases. Liposomes which pass through the lymph node have a tendency to accumulate in the RES, such as the liver and spleen (40,41). The disposition of liposomes is altered by the dose of liposomes as well as size or lipid composition of liposomes. Cholesterol rich liposomes are cleared slower due to... 

Irrespective of size, liposomes, when injected in-traperitoneally, partially accumulate in the liver and spleen. It has been suggested that transport of liposomes from the peritoneal cavity to the systemic circulation, and eventually to tissues, occurs by lymphatic pathways. Local injection of larger liposomes leads to quantitative accumulation at the site of injection. The slow disintegration of the carrier than releases the drug, which diffuses into the blood circulation. Smaller liposomes, on the other hand, enter the lymph nodes and blood circulation and eventually accumulate in the liver and spleen. 

El-Ghorr, A. A. and Norval, M., A monoclonal antibody to cis-urocanic acid prevents the UV-induced changes in Langerhans cells and DTH responses in mice, although not preventing dendritic cell accumulation in lymph nodes draining the site of irradiation and contact hypersensitivity responses, J. Invest. Dermatol. 105, 264-268, 1995. 

The pulmonary lymphatic system contributes to the clearance of fluid and protein from the lung tissue interstitium and helps to prevent fluid accumulation in the lungs [108], The lymphatic endothelium allows micron-sized particles (e.g. lipoproteins, plasma proteins, bacteria and immune cells) to pass freely into the lymph fluid [103], After administration of aerosolised ultrafine particles into rats, particles were found in the alveolar walls and in pulmonary lymph nodes [135], which suggests that drainage into the lymph may contribute to the air-to-blood transport of the inhaled particles. 

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) represents the most frequent type of leukemia in adults in the Western world (1). This disease is characterized by the accumulation of B lymphocytes in the blood stream, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes and spleen. The progressive increase of these clonal B lymphocytes ultimately impairs the function of normal lymphocytes and the bone marrow leading to thrombocytopenia, anemia, and infection. 

Body weights of female rats were 6-9% lower than controls during the second year. Hematology examinations completed at a 15 month interim sacrifice showed no effects. The only treatment-related changes noted were in the respiratory tract. Minimal to mild chronic active inflammation was observed at all concentrations at the 7 month interim sacrifice, but only at the two higher concentrations at two years. The inflammation was described as multifocal, minimal to mild accumulations of macrophages, neutrophils and cell debris within alveolar spaces. Fibrosis was observed in 2/54, 6/53, 35/53 and 43/53 male rats, and 8/52, 7/53, 45/53, and 49/53 female rats at 0, 0.03, 0.06, and 0.11 mg/m, respectively. Hyperplasia of the bronchial lymph nodes and atrophy of the olfactory epithelium were observed at the high dose. 

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone of molecular weight of less than 25 000 can be excreted via the kidneys. Following intravenous administration to terminal cancer patients of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (average molecular weight 40 000), approximately one-third was eliminated in urine in 6 h and another one-third in the following 18 h. At autopsy, accumulation was observed in the kidneys, lung, liver, spleen and lymph nodes (lARC, 1979). 

Fig. (11). Increased accumulation of CD4 and CD8 positive cells in CD3 positive population in regional lymph nodes following CVS injection on day 9 upon tumor rechallenge [44]. See legend to Fig. (10).

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