Transport blood

Thompson, E. M., Nafpakdtis, B. G., and Tsuji, F. I. (1988). Dietary uptake and blood transport of Vargula (crustacean) luciferin in the bioluminescent fish, Porichthys notatus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., A comp. Physiol. 89A 203-209. 

The pulmonary lymphatic system contributes to the clearance of fluid and protein from the lung tissue interstitium and helps to prevent fluid accumulation in the lungs [108], The lymphatic endothelium allows micron-sized particles (e.g. lipoproteins, plasma proteins, bacteria and immune cells) to pass freely into the lymph fluid [103], After administration of aerosolised ultrafine particles into rats, particles were found in the alveolar walls and in pulmonary lymph nodes [135], which suggests that drainage into the lymph may contribute to the air-to-blood transport of the inhaled particles. 

Tronde A, Krondahl E, von Euler-Chelpin H, Brunmark P, Bengtsson UH, Ekstrom G, Lennernas H (2002) High airway-to-blood transport of an opioid tetrapeptide in the isolated rat lung after aerosol delivery. Peptides 23 469-478. 

Vulval skin secretion and blood serum contain an active principle, which attracts the bull and releases smelling, salivating, urinating, licking, flehmen, vocalizations, penis protrusion, and mounting. It is not clear whether the blood transports the active principle to or from the vulval skin tissue (Rivard and Klemm, 1989). 

Thousands of different proteins make up a very large fraction of the "machinery" of a cell. Protein molecules catalyze chemical reactions, carry smaller molecules through membranes, sense the presence of hormones, and cause muscle fibers to move. Proteins serve as structural materials within cells and between cells. Proteins of blood transport oxygen to the tissues, carry hormones between cells, attack invading bacteria, and serve in many other ways. No matter what biological process we consider, we find that a group of special proteins is required. 

Pernicious anemia is usually caused by poor absorption of the vitamin. Absorption depends upon the intrinsic factor, a mucoprotein (or rnuco-proteins) synthesized by the stomach lining.ad 1 Pernicious anemia patients often have a genetic predilection toward decreased synthesis of the intrinsic factor. Gastrectomy, which decreases synthesis of the intrinsic factor, or infection with fish tapeworms, which compete for available vitamin B12 and interfere with absorption, can also induce the disease. Also essential are a plasma membrane receptors 1 and two blood transport proteins... 

Blood transports chemicals from the respiratory surface throughout the tissues of the organism. Several authors have attempted to elucidate the relative importance of this and other transport processes in regulating the uptake of chemicals via the gills in fish (e.g., Barber et al., 1988 and 1991 Erickson and McKim, 1990b Gobas and Mackay, 1987). In most cases, it has been concluded that the role of blood flow in regulating the overall rate of... 

TerasakiT, Ohtsuki S. Brain-to-blood transporters for endogenous substrates and xenobiotics at the blood-brain barrier an overview of biology and methodology. NeuroRx 2005 2(l) 63-72. 

Banks WA, Kasdn AJ (1989) hiliibidon of die brain to blood transport system for eiikeplialins and Tyi -MIF-l in mice addicted or genedcally predisposed to diiiikiiig edianol. Alcohol 6 53—57. 

Banks WA, Kastin AJ (1989) Inhibition of the brain to blood transport system for enkephalins and Tyr-MIE-1 in mice addicted or genetically predisposed to drinking ethanol. Alcohol 6 53-57. 

Banks WA, Kastin AJ (1994) Brain-to-blood transport of peptides and the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. In Models of Neuropeptide Action (Strand EL, Beckwith B, Chronwall B, Sandman CA, eds), pp 108-118. New York, NY New York Academy of Sciences. 

Martins JM, Banks WA, Kastin AJ (1997) Acute modulation of the active carrier-mediated brain to blood transport of corticotropinreleasing hormone. Am J Physiol 272 E312-E319. 

Martins JM, Kastin AJ, Banks WA (1996) Unidirectional specific and modulated brain to blood transport of corticotropin-releasing hormone. Neuroendocrinology 63 338-348. 

When a drug reaches the systemic circulation, either after intravenous administration or after absorption following extravascular administration, it can be distributed in the elements of blood (erythrocytes, etc.) or bind to plasma proteins. Blood transports the drug to different organs where it diffuses at different rates. The drug not bound to plasma proteins will diffuse in the extravascular compartments and tissues where it can then bind to other proteins or other tissue components. 

The biochemical properties of both the body and the drug have a lot to do with a drug s distribution to its sites of action. Because the blood transports a drug, it follows that regions of the body that receive the most blood get the most drug. 

Y = major route of dissemination to target cells is via blood transport N = functions mainly as paracrine or autocrine hormone, although it may enter the blood stream. 

ADME parameters. Sufficient solubility in aqueous medium for absorption and blood transport has to be combined with sufficient lipophilicity for passage through cell membranes. If an active compound is too hydrophilic and at the same time contains a carboxylic acid group, for instance, conversion to a simple ester will facilitate absorption. Once in the blood, unspecific esterases will catalyse hydrolysis to the active carboxylic acid form. Such an ester is an instance of a prodrug. 

The answer is d. (Murray, pp 359-374. Scriver, pp 2961-3104. Sack, pp 121-138. Wilson, pp 287—317.) Once bile is excreted into the gut, bilirubin diglucuronide is hydrolyzed and reduced by bacteria to form urobilinogen, which is colorless. Much of the urobilinogen of the stools is further oxidized by intestinal bacteria to stercobilin, which gives stools their characteristic brown color. Some urobilinogen is reabsorbed by the gut into the portal blood, transported to the kidney and converted and excreted as urobilin, which gives urine its characteristic yellow color. 

Why does ice float on water Why don t oil and water mix Why does blood transport oxygen to our cells, whereas carbon monoxide inhibits this process Questions such as these are best explained by understanding the behavior of substances at the atomic level. 

As with two-compartment models, the central compartment (compartment 1) always contains the systemic circulation. All other compartments (2, 3,. .., n) are composed of different tissues and hence are all tissue compartments. Since distribution to and from any tissue always occurs by convective blood transport, all... 

Blood transports waste products/fuels. The bloodstream transports what may be one organ s waste product but another organ s fuel (for example, lactate from muscle to liver). 

Blood transports oxygen from lungs to tissues, enabling exergonic oxidative pathways to occur, followed by transport of the resultant CO2 back to the lungs for exhalation. 

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