Lung cancer tumour

Higashiyama M, Doi O, Kodama K, Yokouchi H, Tateishi R (1996) Bcl-2 oncoprotein expression is increased especially in the portions of small cell carcinoma within the combined type of small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 17 341-344... 

Dimeric complexes like [Cl(NH3)Pt H2N(CH2)4NH2 Pt(NH3)Cl]Cl2 are also being investigated as they bind to DNA in a different way to that involved in cisplatin binding and are active in cisplatin-resistant human tumour cells. They are more potent than cisplatin in lung cancer models in vivo and are likely to go on clinical trials in the near future [204],... 

Reports of ChE abnormalities in tumours, e.g., meningioma, glioma, acoustic neurinomas and lung cancers, megakaryocytopoietic disorders and leukemias, ovarian tumours and neuroblastomas, suggest cell proliferation and differentiation activities. 

Tumours of the central nervous system Renal cell carcinoma Non-small-cell lung cancer... 

Heinrich, U., M. Roller, and F. Pott, Estimation of a Lifetime Unit Lung Cancer Risk for Benzol a Ipyrene Based on Tumour Rates in Rats Exposed to Coal Tar/Pitch Condensation Aerosol, Toxicol. Lett., 72, 155-161 (1994). 

Limonene and perillic acid remarkably reduced the lung metatastatic tumour nodule formation by 65 and 67%, respectively however, perillyl alcohol was considerably more potent than limonene against breast cancer [284, 302], rat mammary cancer and pancreatic tumours [288]. Phase 1 studies of d-limo-nene [303, 304] and phase I and phase II [305-311] studies of perillyl alcohol revealed dose-limiting toxicities nausea, vomiting, anorexia, unpleasant taste and eructation, and thus a maximum tolerated dose for perillyl alcohol was determined [305]. 

Takahashi K, Kohno T, Matsumoto S et al. Clonal and parallel evolution of primary lung cancers and their metastases revealed by molecular dissection of cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res 2001 3 - 20. Findlay MP, Cunningham D, Morgan G et al. Lack of correlation between thymidylate synthase levels in primary colorectal tumours and subsequent response to chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 1997 75 903-909. 

Three case-control studies have examined the risk of cancer associated with dichloromethane exposure and provided data adequate for evaluation. One observed an association between estimated intensity, probability and duration of exposure and the risk of astrocytic brain tumours. A second, which focused on female breast cancer, observed an elevated risk in the highest exposure category but no association with probability of exposure. The third indicated an increased risk of rectal cancer and possibly lung cancer. 

O Connor, R., et al. 2004. Increased anti-tumour efficacy of doxorubicin when combined with sulindac in a xenograft model of an MRP-1-positive human lung cancer. Anticancer Res 24 457. 

Two of the most important platinum anticancer drugs are cisplatin (2.13) and carboplatin (2.14). Cisplatin is effective against testicular tumours, ovarian carcinoma and some other types of cancer, but relatively inactive against breast and lung cancers it is also a very toxic compound. Side effects include loss of high-frequency hearing, neuropathy and nausea. Kidney damage may also result, but is minimised... 

Koukourakis M, Giatromanolaki A, Kakolyris S, O Byrne KJ, Apostolikas N, Skarlatos J, et al. Different patterns of stromal and cancer cell thymidine phosphorylase reactivity in non-small-cell lung cancer Impact on tumour neoangiogenesis and survival. Br J Cancer 1998 77 1696-1703. 

Nesnow S. 1990. Mouse skin tumours and human lung cancer relationships with complex environmental emissions. In Vainio H, Sorsa M, McMichael AJ, editors, Complex mixtures and cancer risk. Lyon (FR) IARC Scientific Publication, p 44—54. 

It is only the ability of modern chemistry to detect very small quantities of materials that made the following discovery possible. In some recent research it was reported that one subtle way in which cancer tumours cells differ from normal cells is how they metabolize carbohydrates present on their surfaces. Cancer cells have far more of the carbohydrate sialic acid, which can be detected with MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) analytical techniques. It was found that the sialic acid normally appears on the surface of the cells only in foetal development, but it appears abnormally in patients with gastric, colon, pancreatic, liver, lung, prostate and breast cancers, as well as in leukaemia. Research is continuing.1... 

DHA-paclitaxel (Taxoprexin ) 62 (Luitpold) is being evaluated in a Phase III trial for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer in combination with carboplatin,136 as well against a variety of cancers in Phase II trials. DHA-paclitaxel 62,137 139 which is the C-2 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ester of paclitaxel 60, was licensed by Luitpold from Protarga in 2003. Polyunsaturated fatty acids have been reported to be taken up by tumour cells at a higher rate than normal cells and, as a consequence, a polyunsaturated fatty ester such as DHA-paclitaxel 62 may be absorbed more specifically in tumour cells. In preclinical studies, DHA-paclitaxel 62 exhibited increased activity in mice xenograft models and was more stable in vivo than paclitaxel 60. However, DHA-paclitaxel 62 may still suffer from efflux problems associated with paclitaxel 60 and docetaxel resistant tumours. 

Q10 An excessive amount of ADH may be produced by some brain tumours, certain drugs and some lung cancers. Since this causes a reduced water excretion, an excess of ADH leads to water retention and hyponatraemia. As hyponatraemia in the ECF causes passage of water into the body cells, there may be brain swelling, raised intracranial pressure and neurological symptoms, such as headache, muscle weakness, lethargy, nausea and vomiting, irritability, confusion and coma. 

Nadae, S.,et al. (2003). Proteomic patterns of tumour subsets in non-small-ceU lung cancer. Lancet 362, 433 39. 

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