Liquid technologies

Scaling up Ionic Liquid Technology from Laboratory to Continuous Pilot Plant Operation... 

What can drive the switch from existing homogeneous processes to novel ionic liquids technology One major point is probably a higher cost-effectiveness. This can result from improved reaction rates and selectivity, associated with more efficient catalyst recovery and better environmental compatibility. 

The ionic liquid process has a number of advantages over traditional cationic polymerization processes such as the Cosden process, which employs a liquid-phase aluminium(III) chloride catalyst to polymerize butene feedstocks [30]. The separation and removal of the product from the ionic liquid phase as the reaction proceeds allows the polymer to be obtained simply and in a highly pure state. Indeed, the polymer contains so little of the ionic liquid that an aqueous wash step can be dispensed with. This separation also means that further reaction (e.g., isomerization) of the polymer s unsaturated ot-terminus is minimized. In addition to the ease of isolation of the desired product, the ionic liquid is not destroyed by any aqueous washing procedure and so can be reused in subsequent polymerization reactions, resulting in a reduction of operating costs. The ionic liquid technology does not require massive capital investment and is reported to be easily retrofitted to existing Cosden process plants. 

The controlled synthesis of polymers, as opposed to their undesired formation, is an area that has not received much academic interest. Most interest to date has been commercial, and focused on a narrow area the use ofchloroaluminate(III) ionic liquids for cationic polymerization reactions. The lack of publications in the area, together with the lack of detailed and useful synthetic information in the patent literature, places hurdles in front of those with limited loiowledge of ionic liquid technology who wish to employ it for polymerization studies. The expanding interest in ionic liquids as solvents for synthesis, most notably for the synthesis of discrete organic molecules, should stimulate interest in their use for polymer science. 

How does one identify a promising non-synthetic application for ionic liquid technology VJe basically expect that, in all non-synthetic, high value-adding applications, in which the application of an ionic liquid achieves some unique and superior performance of a technical device, ionic liquid technology may have a very good chance of quick and successful introduction. 

Gas-to-liquid technology is at the same time an economically viable option for the recovery of stranded gas and an option to produce clean fuels or chemical feedstocks. Besides the financial incentive to monetise otherwise worthless gas, GTL has received added impetus in recent years, especially with regard to diesel fuel also, the trend in industrialised nations to reduce sulphur and particle contents in fuels is likely to accelerate. However, GTL competes with LNG for reserves of inexpensive, stranded natural gas further declines in LNG supply costs could undermine the attraction of GTL. The future of GTL further hinges on the reduction of... 

The Parex, Toray Aromax and Axens Eluxyl processes are the three adsorptive liquid technologies for the separation and purification of p-xylene practiced on a large scale today. The MX Sorbex process is the only liquid adsorptive process for the separation and purification of m-xylene practiced on an industrial scale. We now consider a few other liquid adsorptive applications using Sorbex technology for aromatics separation that have commercial promise but have not found wide application. 

Legeay JC, Goujon JY, Eynde JJV, Toupet L, Bazureau JP (2006) Liquid-phase synthesis of polyhydroquinoline using task-specific ionic liquid technology. J Comb Chem 8 829-833... 

Taking into account these findings, a microreaction system has been developed by loLiTec Ionic Liquid Technologies GmbH Co to improve mass and heat transfer. The producfion capacity of the currently running system is about 0.5kg/h with a purity >99%. 

The paper starts with an introduction in F-T catalysis, including some recent developments in gas-to-liquid technologies and an overview of the main F-T catalyst compositions. In a second part, we will focus on the effect of promoter... 

Gas-to-Liquid Technology, Economic Impact and its Relevance to Society. 

The progress in natural gas liquefaction technologies may offer competitive solutions for decentralized liquid gas production that may contribute to secure the energy supply [7]. Gas-to-liquid technologies used to convert natural gas to liquid fuels are under consideration as a competitive option to export gas from remote areas to the international market. 

We intend to determine the commercialization advantages of the direct processes in comparison with the indirect processes discussed. The different markets, the relative economics, the state of relative development will all play a part in the recommendations planned to encourage the commercialization of the coal liquids technologies. 

The Permutit Company, Inc., E. 49 Midland Avenue, Paramus, NJ 07652 Immiscible liquid technology... 

Gas to liquids technology K. Aasberg-Petersen, et al.. Applied Catalysis A General 2001, 221, 379. 

Many petrochemical companies hold extensive patent portfolios relating to ionic liquid technologies. However, the first of these to announce an industrial process is PetroChina. The process for alkylation of isobutene uses an alumi-nium(iii) chloride based ionic liquid and is called lonikylation. After success at the pilot plant stage, the technology is currently being retrofitted into an existing sulfuric acid alkylation plant in China with an output of 65 000 tonnes per year. This retrofit will increase yield and capacity at the site and is the largest commercial use of ionic liquids reported to date. ... 

Both the anode and the cathode are composed of a coating of the electrochemically active material onto a current collector (copper or aluminum). Another key component of the battery is the separator that physically separates the two electrodes and prevents contact between them. In the case of a liquid technology battery, a polyolefin separator is typically used and a liquid electrolyte is used to transport the Li ions from one side of the porous separator to the other. In the case of a polymer Li ion battery, a polymer, such as PVDF, is used to form a porous structure, which is then swollen with a Li" " conducting liquid electro-lyte. " This results in a gel-type electrolyte, which plays the dual role of electrolyte and separator, with no free liquid present. 

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