Papers start

Two examples stand out research on ceramic precursors and research on biomaterials via so-called biomimetic approaches. I had started the systematic organometallic precursor work for making ceramic powders in a series of a few dozen papers starting in 1948 (1, 2). By the mid-1950s I had shown that inorganic sols did essentially as well and were orders of magnitude cheaper. The very sophisticated ceramic precursor work, now a decade old, has yet to demonstrate a special niche for itself in any real examples with unique properties. 

The mean activity coefficient is the standard form of expressing electrolyte data either in compilations of evaluated experimental data such as Hamer and Wu (2) or in predictions based on extensions to the Debye-Huckel model of electrolyte behavior. Recently several advances in the prediction and correlation of mean activity coefficients have been presented in a series of papers starting in 1972 by Pitzer (3, Meissner 04), and Bromley (5) among others. 

This paper starts with a brief description of the Golden ratio and the ( )-based crystal ionic radii and is then followed by the (()-based aqueous ionic radii and hydration lengths. The role of in the sizes of the ions in the crystal and in aqueous solutions and their hydration bonds with water can be seen in Fig. 12.3 for Na" and Cl" ions (used as the examples). 

You can easily predict what will happen in a number of physical and chemical processes. What will happen if you let go of a pencil that you are holding tip-down on a table What will you observe if you add a few drops of food colouring to some water in a glass If a piece of paper starts to burn in a plentiful supply of air, what are the products of the reaction How will an iron nail change if it is left outside These are all examples of favourable (or spontaneous] changes. A favourable change is a change that has a natural tendency to happen under certain conditions. 

Such a technique does, in fact, exist. In a series of papers starting in 1975, Halasz described a method for the determination of PSDs by GPC (18-25). Similar techniques have since been discussed by others (26-29). In this method... 

The paper starts with an introduction in F-T catalysis, including some recent developments in gas-to-liquid technologies and an overview of the main F-T catalyst compositions. In a second part, we will focus on the effect of promoter... 

The catalytic groups in the reactive center of ribonuclease A, a further polynueleotide-cleaving enzyme, are an imidazole (acting as a general base) and an imidazolinium eation (acting as a general acid). In a series of papers starting as early as 1978, Breslow and coworkers describe the use of -cyclodextrinyl-bis(imidazoles) 62 as model compounds for RNase A [94], In the course of the... 

Theoretical quantum mechanics had its origin in two seminal papers, starting from apparently different points of view, and published independently and almost simultaneously by Heisenberg and Schrodinger, respectively. The major unsolved problem of physics, addressed by both, was to find a fundamental basis for the ad hoc quantum rules, formulated by Som-... 

Matsunaga T., Muranaga K., Watanabe M., Itoh M., Inoue Y., Tamura M. and Yoshida T., "Hazard Evaluation and Safety of Paper Starting Caps", HSE Transl. no.11910... 

The first paper deals with the gas-phase chemistry in one dimension. Starting with four combinations of HjO, CO2, NHj and CH nuclear abundances (Table 5), rate equations for 441 photoreactions and chemical reactions are solved simultaneously. The second paper starts with a somewhat modified initial composition which varies the abundances of CO and CO. While one combination contains only COj and is similar to one of the first paper, the other assumes a pure CO mixture (Table 5). Abundances for NH3 and CH4 are almost the same in both models of paper 2 and about 1/3 of the COj or CO abundance. Furthermore, new rate constants are included, and 25 instead of 3 photodissociative ionization reactions are taken into account. The calculations have shown that these reactions are an important source for the inner coma ions. Two processes which are included shall especially be mentioned in this respect ... 

Cut 3 pieces of the striker into 3/ " strips and peel as much of the paper off the back as you can. Then cut a length of paper iProm the bag about 2 1/2" long and 6" wide. Glue the strikers, side by side, in the Middle of the 2 1/2" side of the paper, starting at one side, ... 

I was shocked to see what she did next. When the paper starting coming out of the laser printer, she grabbed it and "ripped" it from the printer like you might do if the paper were in an old typewriter The printer s exit rollers complained bitterly and made a noise that made me cringe. I don t know what hurt worse, my hand or my ears. She did this for every sheet of paper that she printed. I didn t say anything, since my health was of primary concern at the time. 

The fugacity coefficient can be calculated using a suitable EOS. The Soave—Redlich—Kwong EOS (SRK EOS) will be employed in this paper. Starting from the SRK EOS... 

The oldest reported microporous membranes are based on carbon and are obtained by controlled pyrolysis of suitable polymeric precursors. Koresh and Soffer were the first to report properties of these membranes in a series of papers starting in 1980 (see refs, in Ref. [78]. Recently Linkov et al. [79] improved this method and arrived at mesoporous asymmetric hollow-fibre carbon membranes which could be transformed to microporous systems by coating the carbon membrane by e.g. vapour deposition polymerisation of polyimide forming precursors. 

The sl< of the correlation curve is very close to unity indicating that dif-ferenccs in results are the same on both machines. The absolute values differ slightly, and there is a ccmstant term in the correlation equation because the shot-bucket machine always tends to overshoot the maximum value as explained previously. The maximum force occurs just as the paper starts to tear, but there is a noticeable delay in the fall of the lever arm on the shot-bucket machine before the sample fails completely. 

Use Template 4 (page 248) to cut the rubber gas supply lines from the /32" thick silicone rubber sheet. Cut the rubber to the correct size and then tape the template to the rubber. Use an Exacto knife or other very sharp cutter to make the gas lines. I used a small Exacto razor knife and found that I had to change blades very frequently - I ran through a whole pack cutting out the gas lines. Cut slowly, and when the template paper starts to bunch up as you are cutting, stop immediately and change the blade. If the template paper rips you will lose the outline which will make it difficult to cut accurately. The process is easy, but as with other operations in this project, it can be tedious. 

The Brothman et al. (B5), and Coulson and Maitra (C3, M2) rate theories have been analyzed in several other articles (W2, L2, H2). As Table III indicates, these papers start with essentially the same original rate equation concerning the rate of change of the surface of separation,... 

While the canoe is drying, cut a large triangle shape out of your construction paper. Starting from one corner of the paper, cut with your scissors in a diagonal to the bottom. 

About 15 years ago, papers started to appear that studied problemsolving in non-mathematical domains within chemistry. One of the first was a study of high-school students performance on tasks that asked them to balance equations. Yarroch (1985) noted that the students in his study were all able to successfully balance the four equations presented to them, but 7 of the 12 students weren t able to construct diagrams consistent with the notation of the balanced equation. 

Tadjeddine and coworkers published the first SFG spectra examining CO adsorbed onto Ft in the electrochemical environment. In a series of papers start-... 

To play a safety audit in safety production of construction, you must first clear theoretical structure of safety audit. Since the entire audit objectives play a guiding role in the theoretical structure, this paper starts from the safety objectives of the audit and establishes the theoretical construct structural framework of safety audit, shown in Figure 1. 

Most studies reported so far on footprint catalysis have come from Morihara and his collaborators in a series of papers starting from 1988 (Morihara et al., 1988a,b, 1989, 1992, 1993a,b,c Shimada et al., 1992, 1993, 1994 Matsuishi et al., 1992, 1994). Refer to them for further details. 

Porphyrin-like structures received considerable attention because of their interesting chemical and physical behaviors, and because of nature s ubiquitous use of porphyrins in electron-transfer processes. The phthalocyanine (hereafter referred to as Pc) is a porphyrin-like dye that has been known for many years. The word phthalocyanine, from the Creek for naphtha (rock oil) and cyanine (blue), was first used by Linstead in 1933 to describe a new class of organic compounds.Phthalocyanine was probably discovered by accident in 1907. as a by-product during the synthesis of o-cyanobenzamide, but it was not until almost 20 years later that a patent was filed describing a manufacturing process. Linstead and coworkers showed that a vast range of phthalocyanines, the metal (M)-substituted forms of the molecules (hereafter referred to as MPcs), were all based on the structure depicted in Fig. 1. In a classic series of papers, starting in 1935, Robertson and coworkers showed that the enviromnent of the metal atom in MPcs was square planar and coordinated with four pyrrolic N atoms, and moreover, that the entire Pc-molecule was flat within the limits of uncertainty. ... 

This paper started out to be a review of our recent work on snake chemoreception (Chiszar et al., 1983a, b, 1984, 1985 O Connell et al., 1985, Radcliffe et al., 1983, 1984, 1985), but it has metamorphosed into a theoretical presentation which I hope will be of general interest to chemical ecologists and sensory physiologists. The main idea will be brought into focus by describing a survey of experiments reported in Muller-Schwarze and Silverstein (1980). 

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