Solid-liquid extraction technologies equipment

All chapters, especially the last two, contain information that has not been published previously. The chapter on solid-liquid extraction technologies, for example, presents and discusses both theoretical and practical aspects of these technologies, from fundamental concepts of equilibrium and mass transfer to equipment selection and design. Similarly, the chapter on safety of botanicals reviews safety issues of botanicals associated with misidentification of plant species, misuse of products, product adulteration and botanical/drug interactions. 

Many phytochemicals and nutraceutical ingredients are derived from botanicals. In the manufacture of many of these nutraceuticals, processes begin with the extraction of plant materials using a suitable solvent. Many technologies and types of equipment exist to achieve this solid-liquid extraction. To successfully choose and operate the proper equipment for producing the desired product in an economic manner, the fundamentals of equilibrium and mass transfer must be understood. Once these fundamentals are understood, they can be applied to the botanical raw material of interest and the chemical properties of the desired phytochemical to select and operate the most cost-effective extraction equipment. 

G. Extraktion F. extraction E. is the eluation of a (valuable) ingredient from a complex material by a suitable solvent. There are two types of e. liquid/solid and liquid/liquid. There are many different technologies and equipment applied (batch and continuous). A recent method is e. with supercritical fluids (mainly CO2) with already laige-scale uses, e. g., in the e. of hops and of caffeine from coffee. 

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