Lipstick formulation

Keywords cosmetic, lipstick formulation, natural ingredient, mixture design, D-optimal 1.INTRODUCTION... 

A common problem in pre-formulation of the cosmetic product including lipstick is the optimisation of the mixture composition aimed to obtain a product with the required characteristic. Mixture design represents an efficient approach for solving such optimisation problem [10]. It has been proved to be an effective tool to select the best lipstick formulation [11]. 

In order to understand the relationship between the mixture component, physical properties and consumer acceptance of the lipstick, various lipstick formulations have to be produced. The physical properties of each formulation should be studied. The consumer acceptance towards the product also should be investigated. However, only a part of this work will be discussed in this paper. Here, natural waxes, oils and solvent have been used to produce natural ingredient based lipstick formulations based on the formulation suggested by the statistical mixture design. Contour plot and response surface graph were formed in order to understand the relationship between the mixture component and physical characteristic of the lipstick. 

Natural ingredients based lipstick formulations have been prepared. The effects of the natural waxes, oils and solvent compositions on the viscosity and melting point of the lipstick have been studied. The result indicates that the viscosity and melting point of the lipstick can be manipulated by changing the composition of natural candelilla wax, camauba wax and beeswax in the formulation. Another important lipstick characteristic, which is hardness, will be studied. Consumer acceptance towards the product will be investigated. Finally, by relating the consumer data and instrumentation analysis, optimisation process will be conducted. 

Lipstick keeps the lips soft and protects them from drying out, while adding a desirable color. It s composed mostly of wax and oil. These ingredients must be balanced carefully so that the lipstick goes on easily without running and comes off easily, but not too easily, when the wearer is ready to remove it. The color normally comes from a precipitate (solid) of some metal ion with an organic dye. This is commonly called a lake. The metal ion tends to intensify the color of the dye. A typical lipstick formulation is shown in Table 17-4. 

Sweet ahnond oil is used as a laxative in doses up to 30 mL as well as a solvent for parenter-aUy administered drugs and a solvent for hemorrhoid injectable solutions. It is also used as an emollient and emulsifier for chapped hands, in lotions (both moisturizing and night skin care preparations), suntan gels, blushers, makeup bases, skin cleansing preparations, creams, and as an ointment base. It is used in cosmetic formulations in concentrations up to 50% 25% in lipstick formulations. Almond meal is used as a skin cleanser and in medicated soaps. ... 

Effect of various formulation on viscosity and melting point of natural ingredient based lipstick... 

Lipstick is one of the decorative cosmetic products that command a unique market. Lipstick contains a variety of emollients, emulsifiers, preservatives, colorants and binders [4]. The quality of lipstick is directly linked to the basic material used in the formulation [5-6]. Varying the ratio of the ingredient used in formulation determines the final product characteristic such as texture, viscosity, hardness and melting point of the lipstick [7-9]. 

In 1981, triethanolamine was reported to be an ingredient (generally at a concentration of less than or equal to 5%) in 2720 out of 22 572 cosmetic products which may be applied to or come into contact with skin, eyes, hair, nails, mucous membrane and respiratory epithelium. Small amounts may be ingested from lipsticks. Product formulations containing also monoethanolamine (triethanolamine-ethanolamine) may be in contact with the skin for variable periods of time following each application. Daily or occasional use may extend over many years (Beyer et al., 1983). 

Lipstick and lip balms are usually concentrated suspensions of solid oils in a liquid oil, or in a mixture of liquid oils. The dispersed phase, about 60 mass%, comprises oils and/or wax that are solid at room temperature. The continuous phase, about 40 mass%, comprises an oil, or mixture of oils, that is liquid at room temperature. These products are formulated at relatively high temperature, where they are liquid, and are then cooled to allow a significant yield stress to develop. Lipsticks and lip balms contain a variety of waxes, oils, pigments, and emollients, including ... 

The cosmetic industry provides a wide assortment of formulated products. A typical bathroom contains a full range of perfumes, moisturizers, rouge, lipstick, antiaging skin products, face powder, emollients, nail polish, sunscreen, hair conditioning and coloring products, aftershave, drugs, and deodorants as well as medications. 

The C12-C14 alcohol finds special application as lubricant additives and in the formulation of bearing and hydraulic oils. The C16-C18 fatty alcohol finds application as a defoamer, as a solubility retarder for syndet bars, and as a consistency giving factor in creams, lipstick, pastes, and polishes. 

Although widely used in topical preparations, including ophthalmic formulations, castor oil has been associated with some reports of allergic contact dermatitis, mainly to cosmetics such as lipsticks. 

In cosmetics, carnauba wax is mainly used to increase the stiffness of formulations, e.g. lipsticks and mascaras. 

Modern lipstick is formulated to provide both protection for the delicate tissues of the labia and color for appearance. The chemical composition of lipstick varies greatly among manufacturers. However, lipstick in... 

Volatilization of the lipstick using the Py-GC process indicates the presence of cetyl acetate (CA) and isopropyl myristate (1PM). Heptanal (C-7AL), a pyrolysis product of castor oil, is a major product. The THM profile in this case is more complex and gives more information about the composition of the product. Cetyl acetate is converted to the methyl ether of cetyl alcohol (C-16-OME), while IPM is partly converted to the methyl ester. The major components, RIC-OME and RIC, are identified as the methyl ether of ricinoleic acid methyl ester and ricinoleic acid methyl ester having a free OH group, respectively. These compounds result from hydrolysis and complete or partial methylation of the major component of castor oil. C8.0 and CIO.O are fatty acid methyl esters that indicate the presence of coconut oil in the formulation. This product was differentiated from more than 60 lipsticks examined in the study, on the basis of the compositon of the organic components. 

Analytes which are present in some difficult to dissolve samples, such as make-up formulations, can be separated from the solid matrix by leaching using the appropriate solvent (e.g., different UV filters have been leached from lipstick samples by ethanol with the aid of ultrasonic irradiation). 

There is little commonality in the scientific methods, processes, and formulations required for the wide variety of cosmetics and toiletries in the market. Products range from preparations for hair, oral, and skin care to lipsticks, nail polishes and extenders, deodorants, body powders and aerosols, to quasi-pharmaceutical over-the-counter products such as antiperspirants, dandruff shampoos, antimicrobial soaps, and acne and sun screen products. 

The idea of adhesive sticks was probably derived from the ladies lipsticks the adhesive sticks are made with a gelled formulation, with a consistency similar to that of a lipstick, and it can be applied easily on paper for office jobs. 

ALROSPERSE 100 may be used in the formulation of spotting compounds, lipstick removers, upholstery cleaners, etc. 

Isobutyl Stearate imparts good slip properties to formulations containing mineral oil and can function as a wetting agent for pigments. It is used in lipsticks, bath oils, nail polishes and removers, skin cleansers, creams and lotions. 

Lipsticks, one of the most important make-up systems, may be simply formulated with a pure fat base having a high gloss and excellent hiding power. However, these simple lipsticks tend to come off the skin too easily. In recent years, there has been a great tendency to produce more permanent lipsticks that contain hydrophilic solvents such as glycols or tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. The raw materials for... 

Lipsticks. These are suspensions of pigments in a molten vehicle. Surfactants are also used in their formulation. The product should show good thermal stability during storage and rheologically it behaves as a viscoelastic solid. In other words, the lipstick should show small deformation at low stresses and this deformation should recover on removal of the stress. Such information could be obtained using creep measurements. 

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